Rare side effects of losartan
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Rare Side Effects of Losartan
Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, is widely used for treating hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. While it is generally well-tolerated, some rare side effects have been documented in clinical studies.
Hepatotoxicity
Marked Hepatotoxicity: Although losartan is known for its low incidence of side effects, there have been rare cases of significant liver enzyme elevations. Two patients experienced increases in alanine/aspartate aminotransferase levels, which resolved after discontinuing the medication.
Neurological Effects
Tremors and Dysarthria: A case report highlighted a 56-year-old male who developed tremors and dysarthria shortly after taking losartan. These symptoms were severe enough to require hospitalization but resolved without targeted treatment. This is the first reported case linking these neurological symptoms to losartan use.
Fetal Toxicity
Fetal Toxic Effects: Losartan has been associated with severe fetal toxic effects when taken during pregnancy. Documented cases include oligohydramnios (decreased amniotic fluid), fetal pulmonary hypoplasia, hypoplastic skull bones, and subsequent fetal death. These effects are similar to those seen with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
Hematological Effects
Anemia: Long-term use of losartan in renal transplant recipients has been associated with a significant reduction in hemoglobin levels. This side effect was observed alongside its beneficial effects on blood pressure and proteinuria.
Conclusion
While losartan is generally well-tolerated and effective for treating hypertension, it is important to be aware of its rare but serious side effects. These include hepatotoxicity, neurological symptoms like tremors and dysarthria, fetal toxicity, and anemia. Clinicians should monitor patients closely for these adverse effects, especially in populations at higher risk.
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