The relationship between gut microbiota and mental health disorders.

Introduction

The relationship between gut microbiota and mental health disorders has garnered significant attention in recent years. Research suggests that the gut microbiome, which consists of trillions of microbial cells, plays a crucial role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, influencing various mental health conditions.

Key Insights

Microbial Diversity and Mental Health:
- Reduced microbial richness and diversity are associated with increased severity of anxiety and depression .
- Specific bacterial taxa, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Fusobacterium, and Ruminococcus gnavus, are overrepresented in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
Gut Microbiota and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD):
- Significant reductions in specific taxa, including family Prevotellaceae, genus Corprococcus, and Faecalibacterium, are observed in patients with MDD compared to non-depressed controls .
- Probiotic interventions show significant improvement in depressive symptoms.
Gut-Brain Axis and Psychiatric Disorders:
- The gut microbiota influences mental health through various pathways, including neurotransmitters, the endocrine system, immunological mechanisms, and bacterial metabolites .
- Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are linked to alterations in gut microbiota .
Probiotics and Mental Health:
- Probiotic administration, such as Lactobacillus, has been explored as a potential therapeutic approach for conditions associated with depression and anxiety .
- Probiotics may influence brain connectivity and mental health outcomes, although more well-designed studies are needed.
Gut Microbiota and Bipolar Disorder:
- Individuals with bipolar disorder show decreased representation of Faecalibacterium, which is associated with better self-reported health outcomes.
- The gut microbiome composition is linked to illness severity in bipolar disorder.

Conclusion

The gut microbiota plays a significant role in mental health, influencing conditions such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder. Reduced microbial diversity and specific bacterial taxa are associated with increased severity of these disorders. Probiotic interventions show promise in improving mental health outcomes, although further research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential of targeting the gut microbiome.

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The relationship between gut microbiota and mental health disorders.

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Altered gut microbiota profile in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is present in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, suggesting targeting the microbiome may be a useful therapeutic and preventive target for GAD.

Gut microbiota and major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gut microbiota changes in major depressive disorder patients may contribute to depression, and probiotics can improve depressive symptoms.

The Microbiome in Mental Health: Potential Contribution of Gut Microbiota in Disease and Pharmacotherapy Management

The gut microbiome may influence mental health disorders and the effectiveness of pharmacologic agents used to treat them, offering new insights into dietary interventions.

The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in psychiatric disorders, with factors like stress, probiotics, and diet influencing its relationship with the brain.

The gut microbiota is associated with psychiatric symptom severity and treatment outcome among individuals with serious mental illness.

Gut microbiota richness and diversity predict depression remission in psychiatric inpatients, suggesting potential for novel therapeutic approaches in treating serious mental illness.

Intestinal microbiota, probiotics and mental health: from Metchnikoff to modern advances: Part I – autointoxication revisited

Intestinal microbiota and mental health have a long history, with probiotics and fecal microbiota transfer playing a role in depression and anxiety.

Guts Imbalance Imbalances the Brain: A Review of Gut Microbiota Association With Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Gut microbiota plays a significant role in neurogenesis, mental development, emotions, and behaviors, and may play a role in neuropsychiatric illnesses, with probiotics potentially offering a non-invasive therapeutic opportunity.

The gut microbiota and mental health in adults

Gut microbiota-brain axis plays a role in mental health, but more well-designed, longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm differences in composition and potential confounders.

Identifying psychiatric disorder-associated gut microbiota using microbiota-related gene set enrichment analysis

Gut microbiota may play a role in psychiatric disorders, with specific bacteria linked to specific disorders.

The gut microbiome composition associates with bipolar disorder and illness severity.

Targeting the gut microbiome may be an effective treatment paradigm for bipolar disorder, as decreased Faecalibacterium representation is associated with better self-reported health outcomes.

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