Research papers on the dangers of using the Smith machine for squats
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Research Papers on the Dangers of Using the Smith Machine for Squats
1. Flexion-Distraction Injury of the Thoracolumbar Spine during Squat Exercise with the Smith Machine
This paper reports on two cases of weight lifters who sustained flexion-distraction injuries to the thoracolumbar spine while performing squats on a Smith machine. Both lifters were novices and failed to engage the locking mechanism, lacked a spotter, and did not properly place the safety brackets. The improper use of the Smith machine and poor lifting techniques led to these severe injuries.
2. Joint Torques and Joint Reaction Forces during Squatting with a Forward or Backward Inclined Smith Machine
This study developed a biomechanical model to determine joint torques and loadings during squatting with a backward/forward-inclined Smith machine. It found that different inclinations of the Smith machine can significantly affect knee, hip, and lumbosacral torques, as well as compressive forces on the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. The study highlights the potential for increased strain on the posterior cruciate ligament with improper machine inclination, which can lead to injury.
3. Is the Occurrence of the Sticking Region in Maximum Smith Machine Squats the Result of Diminishing Potentiation and Co-Contraction of the Prime Movers among Recreationally Resistance Trained Males?
This research compared the kinetics, barbell, and joint kinematics, and muscle activation patterns between a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) Smith machine squat and isometric squats. It found that force output is lowest in the sticking region, indicating a poor biomechanical region. The study suggests that the co-contraction between the hip and knee extensors, along with potentiation from the vastus muscles, creates a poor biomechanical region for force output, which can lead to increased risk of injury during 1-RM Smith machine squats.
4. Comparing Consumption Oxygen during and after Squat Exercise in Smith Machine and Whole-Body Vibration
This study compared oxygen consumption during squats performed on a Smith machine and a whole-body vibration platform. It found that the Smith machine session had significantly higher VO2 and heart rate values compared to the vibration platform session. While this study primarily focuses on metabolic responses, the higher physical demand indicated by increased VO2 and heart rate could imply a higher risk of overexertion and potential injury when using the Smith machine.
Summary
The use of the Smith machine for squats poses several risks, particularly for novice lifters who may not be familiar with proper techniques and safety measures. Flexion-distraction injuries to the spine, increased joint torques and forces, and poor biomechanical regions during maximum effort squats are some of the dangers highlighted in the research. Proper training, machine setup, and safety precautions are essential to mitigate these risks.
References
- Flexion-Distraction Injury of the Thoracolumbar Spine during Squat Exercise with the Smith Machine
- Joint Torques and Joint Reaction Forces during Squatting with a Forward or Backward Inclined Smith Machine
- Is the Occurrence of the Sticking Region in Maximum Smith Machine Squats the Result of Diminishing Potentiation and Co-Contraction of the Prime Movers among Recreationally Resistance Trained Males?
- Comparing Consumption Oxygen during and after Squat Exercise in Smith Machine and Whole-Body Vibration
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