Respiratory diseases list
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Comprehensive List of Respiratory Diseases
Major Respiratory Diseases: Asthma, COPD, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, and Lung Cancer
The global burden of respiratory diseases is primarily driven by five major conditions: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer. These diseases are not only prevalent but also account for significant mortality worldwide . Asthma and COPD are chronic conditions that cause long-term respiratory issues, while pneumonia and tuberculosis are infectious diseases that can lead to severe acute respiratory problems. Lung cancer remains one of the deadliest forms of cancer, significantly contributing to respiratory disease mortality .
Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Prevalence and Impact
Chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary sarcoidosis, and pneumoconiosis, affect millions globally. In 2017, approximately 544.9 million people were living with chronic respiratory diseases, marking a 39.8% increase since 1990. These diseases were the third leading cause of death worldwide, following cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. The prevalence and impact of these diseases vary significantly by region, with the highest rates observed in high-income areas and the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
Respiratory Disorders: Definitions and Management
Respiratory disorders encompass a wide range of conditions, including upper airway obstruction, respiratory failure, pulmonary collapse, atelectasis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Effective management strategies for these conditions are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Additionally, conditions like pneumothoraces, empyema, haemoptysis, inhalation injury, pulmonary thromboembolism, and both community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia are significant contributors to respiratory morbidity and mortality.
Pediatric Respiratory Diseases: Asthma, Bronchitis, and Pneumonia
In children, respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis are common and can significantly impair daily functioning. These conditions are major causes of missed school days and activity limitations. Symptoms like cough, wheeze, congestion, chest pain, and shortness of breath are prevalent, and in severe cases, respiratory distress and death can occur .
Viral Respiratory Infections: Rhinovirus, Influenza, RSV, Adenovirus, and Coronavirus
Viral infections are a major cause of respiratory diseases, ranging from common colds to severe conditions like pneumonia and bronchitis. Viruses such as rhinovirus, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and coronavirus are known to trigger these diseases. Understanding the relationship between viral infections and respiratory conditions, including the mechanisms that cause symptoms like wheezing, is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive measures.
Chronic Respiratory Disease and Microbial Interactions
Chronic respiratory diseases often lead to persistent respiratory infections due to impaired pathogen clearance. Conditions like chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media, asthma, cystic fibrosis, non-CF bronchiectasis, and COPD are associated with chronic infections that are difficult to treat. These infections are typically caused by pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The microbial communities in the respiratory tract change as these diseases progress, often becoming less diverse and more dysbiotic, which correlates with worsening patient outcomes.
Conclusion
Respiratory diseases, both chronic and acute, represent a significant global health burden. Major conditions like asthma, COPD, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer are prevalent and deadly. Effective management and preventive strategies are essential to mitigate the impact of these diseases. Understanding the complex interactions between pathogens and the respiratory system can lead to better treatment and prevention strategies, ultimately improving respiratory health worldwide.
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