Respiratory symptoms
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Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest that respiratory symptoms are prevalent across various conditions, including serious illnesses, young adults with persistent symptoms, RSV in children and high-risk adults, people living with HIV, the elderly, COVID-19 survivors, lung cancer patients, and sickle cell disease patients, and they can significantly impact health outcomes and mortality.
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Understanding Respiratory Symptoms: Insights from Recent Research
Common Respiratory Symptoms in Serious Illness
Respiratory symptoms are prevalent among patients with serious illnesses, including both cancer and nonmalignant conditions. Common symptoms include dyspnea (breathlessness), cough, malignant pleural effusions, airway secretions, and hemoptysis. Management of these symptoms often falls within the scope of primary palliative care, utilizing both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches to alleviate patient discomfort.
Respiratory Symptoms in Young Adults and Future Lung Disease
Persistent respiratory symptoms in young adults, such as cough, phlegm, bronchitis, wheeze, and shortness of breath, are significant predictors of future lung disease. Data from the CARDIA Lung Study indicate that these symptoms are associated with accelerated decline in lung function, increased incidence of obstructive and restrictive lung physiology, and higher odds of developing emphysema later in life.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Symptoms Across Age Groups
RSV is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections, particularly affecting young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Common symptoms in children include nasal discharge, congestion, cough, shortness of breath, feeding abnormalities, and fever. In high-risk adults, symptoms often include cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and fever. The duration of symptoms and hospital stays can vary significantly based on geographic location.
Respiratory Symptoms in People Living with HIV
People living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to experience respiratory symptoms compared to HIV-negative individuals. The prevalence of symptoms such as cough and breathlessness remains higher in PLWH, even in populations with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although ART reduces the severity of these symptoms, the association persists, highlighting the need for ongoing respiratory care in this population.
Respiratory Symptoms and Mortality in Older Adults
In older adults, respiratory symptoms such as cough, sputum production, and wheeze are common and strongly associated with increased mortality. Studies show that these symptoms are significant predictors of both all-cause and respiratory-specific mortality, emphasizing the importance of early detection and management in this age group.
Respiratory Symptoms in Lung Cancer
In lung cancer patients, a cluster of symptoms including breathlessness, cough, and fatigue, known as the "respiratory distress symptom cluster," is prevalent. Interventions targeting this cluster, such as the respiratory distress symptom intervention (RDSI), have been shown to be clinically effective in reducing symptom severity and improving patient quality of life.
Respiratory Symptoms Post-COVID-19
Survivors of COVID-19 often experience persistent respiratory symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, and cough. These symptoms can last from weeks to months after discharge from the hospital, indicating the need for long-term respiratory care and monitoring in COVID-19 survivors.
Respiratory Symptoms in Sickle Cell Disease
Children and adolescents with sickle cell disease frequently report respiratory symptoms like cough and wheeze, which are associated with increased chest pain and acute painful episodes. Early screening and proactive management of these symptoms are crucial to minimize the frequency and severity of painful episodes in this population.
Conclusion
Respiratory symptoms are a common and significant concern across various populations, including those with serious illnesses, young adults, older adults, people living with HIV, lung cancer patients, COVID-19 survivors, and individuals with sickle cell disease. Effective management and early intervention are essential to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
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