Short-chain PFASs may have similar environmental persistence and hazardous potential as long-chain PFASs, despite shorter human half-lives.

Alternatives to PFASs: Perspectives on the Science

Fluorinated alternatives to long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) pose global risks to humans and the environment, and a non-fluorinated substitution strategy may be a long-term, sustainable solution.

Hazard assessment of fluorinated alternatives to long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and their precursors: status quo, ongoing challenges and possible solutions.

Fluorinated alternatives to existing PFAS show potential for environmental distribution, bioaccumulation, transfer, and ecological impacts, with potential for human exposure, epidemiology, and toxicological impacts.

Emerging Contaminants: Fluorinated Alternatives to Existing PFAS.

Sustained dermal exposure to PFBA induces systemic effects, including liver toxicity and alterations of PPAR target genes, raising concerns about short-chain PFAS being promoted as safer alternatives.

Systemic toxicity induced by topical application of heptafluorobutyric acid (PFBA) in a murine model.

Amine-containing sorbents effectively remove PFAS from municipal water and wastewater, with potential for future applications in PFAS control at low concentrations.

Efficient PFAS Removal by Amine-Functionalized Sorbents: Critical Review of the Current Literature

Managing PFAS as a single chemical class is warranted due to their high persistence, accumulation potential, and potential hazards, emphasizing the need for safer alternatives and environmental removal methods.

Scientific Basis for Managing PFAS as a Chemical Class.

Short-chain analogues and emerging alternatives are the dominant PFAS pollutants in Chinese residential soils, with PFOA being the most prevalent compound and GenX having limited national consumption.

Legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and alternatives (short-chain analogues, F-53B, GenX and FC-98) in residential soils of China: Present implications of replacing legacy PFASs.

The study found elevated levels of PFASs in groundwater and sediments near a landfill in China, with potential health risks from PFOS and PFOA being negligible through drinking groundwater exposure.

Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in multi-media around a landfill in China: Implications for the usage of PFASs alternatives.

Cl-PFPECAs, a safer alternative to legacy PFAS, have been found in New Jersey soils, but no evidence of ether scission has been found.

Environmental Fate of Cl-PFPECAs: Predicting the Formation of PFAS Transformation Products in New Jersey Soils.

PFAS occurrences in surface water are often several folds higher than the US EPA health advisory level, with direct discharge and atmospheric deposition being primary sources, and their use is increasing with potential adverse impacts on human health, animals, and biota.

Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as a contaminant of emerging concern in surface water: A transboundary review of their occurrences and toxicity effects.

The EU's proposed PFAS ban may lead to problems in replacing PFAS-based materials and may unintentionally harm the environment, as PFAS use can reduce greenhouse-gas emissions and improve energy efficiency.

The EU’s Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Ban: A Case of Policy over Science

Photocatalysis is an ideal low-cost technology for PFAS removal, with potential for combined use with electrochemical or membrane filtration for improved efficacy.

PFAS and their substitutes in groundwater: Occurrence, transformation and remediation.

PFAS alternatives may have higher trans-placental transfer than conventional PFAS, suggesting more research is needed to assess potential health risks of prenatal exposure to PFAS alternatives in children.

High trans-placental transfer of perfluoroalkyl substances alternatives in the matched maternal-cord blood serum: Evidence from a birth cohort study.

Old and new generation PFAS may disrupt thyroid hormone systems, potentially impacting pregnancy outcomes and fetal-child development.

Thyroid Disrupting Effects of Old and New Generation PFAS

PFAS and their substitutes show endocrine effects at higher concentrations, but not at exposure-relevant concentrations, suggesting they may not have endocrine effects in humans at these concentrations.

Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) affect neither estrogen and androgen receptor activity nor steroidogenesis in human cells in vitro.

Pulse field ablation (PFA) is a safe and effective alternative to other catheter ablation energy sources for treating atrial fibrillation.

Efficacy and safety of novel pulsed field ablation (PFA) technique for atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Exposure to a mixture of PFAS in mice leads to increased circulating cholesterol and liver injury, with sexual dimorphic effects observed.

Exposure to a mixture of legacy, alternative, and replacement per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) results in sex-dependent modulation of cholesterol metabolism and liver injury.

PFAS are used in over 200 applications across various industries and consumer products, including ammunition, climbing ropes, guitar strings, artificial turf, and soil remediation.

An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Regulating PFAS as a class in consumer products is logical, necessary, and forward-thinking, as they all have common environmental persistence and toxicity hazards.

Regulating PFAS as a Chemical Class under the California Safer Consumer Products Program

Plant feed additives (PFA) can improve livestock food product quality, oxidative stability, and shelf life, offering a natural alternative to synthetic antioxidant vitamins like vitamin E.

Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins in Livestock Animal Products Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status: A Review

These studies suggest non-fluorinated alternatives and amine-containing sorbents as safer options for PFAS, while short-chain and fluorinated alternatives may still pose significant environmental and health risks.