Seabed mineral extraction can negatively impact marine ecosystems, and future impact assessments should use pressure-specific expert elicitation and integrate ecosystem services for clearer rationale.

Assessing the impacts of seabed mineral extraction in the deep sea and coastal marine environments: Current methods and recommendations for environmental risk assessment.

Deep seabed mining (DSM) can cause significant environmental impacts, including disturbance of the seabed, light and noise pollution, and negative impacts on surface, benthic, and meso- and bathypelagic zones.

Deep Seabed Mining: A Note on Some Potentials and Risks to the Sustainable Mineral Extraction from the Oceans

Deep-sea mining poses significant risks to midwater ecosystems, which play key roles in carbon export, nutrient regeneration, and fish stock provisioning, and should be considered in environmental risk assessments.

Opinion: Midwater ecosystems must be considered when evaluating environmental risks of deep-sea mining

Deep sea mining has significant potential benefits for developing countries, but requires responsible and sustainable exploration and extraction, with collaboration between developing and international research institutions.

Potential risks of developing countries in the process of exploration and extraction of deep-sea mineral resources

Deep-sea mining has the potential to reduce dependence on imports and support the economy, but interdisciplinary research and international cooperation are needed to ensure safe, efficient, and environmentally sound mining procedures.

Deep‐sea mining: Interdisciplinary research on potential environmental, legal, economic, and societal implications

Simulation-based design, multidisciplinary design optimization, and underwater robot technology are crucial for safe and sustainable deep-seabed mining, minimizing environmental impacts and development risks.

Technologies for Safe and Sustainable Mining of Deep-Seabed Minerals

Deep-sea mining will likely impact ecosystems, with potential mitigation measures to reduce these impacts.

Environmental Risks of Deep-sea Mining

Deep-sea mining poses challenges in predicting toxic risks due to complex mineral composition and conditions, making it crucial to adopt a practical framework for assessing bulk resource toxicity before exploitation.

Identifying Toxic Impacts of Metals Potentially Released during Deep-Sea Mining—A Synthesis of the Challenges to Quantifying Risk

Deep seabed mining may not be necessary for the green energy revolution due to uncertain environmental impacts, biodiversity risks, and lack of equitable benefit sharing.

Challenging the Need for Deep Seabed Mining From the Perspective of Metal Demand, Biodiversity, Ecosystems Services, and Benefit Sharing

Deep seabed mining negatively impacts the abyssal environment, reducing seafloor integrity, species densities, and biodiversity, and negatively affecting ecosystem functions for decades to centuries.

Environmental Impacts of Deep Seabed Mining

This research aims to assess social acceptance and environmental impacts of deep ocean resource extraction, comparing it to land-based projects.

Sustainability Assessment of Deep Ocean Resources

Slowing the transition from exploration to exploitation and promoting a circular economy may improve the sustainability of deep-seabed mining.

Challenges to the sustainability of deep-seabed mining

Deep-sea mining can improve environmental performance by adapting existing environmental management approaches from related industries.

Existing environmental management approaches relevant to deep-sea mining

Deep-sea mining poses significant ecological risks, with benthic habitats associated with minerals being most vulnerable to habitat removal and resource-associated benthic and pelagic habitats at risk from mining activities.

Ecological risk assessment for deep-sea mining

Deep-seabed mining can cause "serious harm" to marine ecosystems, requiring strong actions to avoid such impacts.

Defining “serious harm” to the marine environment in the context of deep-seabed mining

This paper critically assesses the practical implementation of 'Best Environmental Practice' and 'Good Industry Practice' in deep seabed mining regulation, highlighting unique environmental protection requirements.

Challenges of operationalising good industry practice and best environmental practice in deep seabed mining regulation

Deep seabed mining activities may have severe impacts on pelagic and benthopelagic biota, leading to smaller standing stocks, altered communities, and loss of biodiversity.

Potential effects of deep seabed mining on pelagic and benthopelagic biota

Seabed mining poses significant environmental risks and requires effective policy to safeguard marine environments.

Seabed Mining and Approaches to Governance of the Deep Seabed

Deep sea mining offers opportunities for mineral resources, but faces challenges in locating and extracting them safely.

Mining mineral resources from the seabed: Opportunities and challenges

Deep sea mining can be sustainable and protect marine environment and biodiversity, but requires a new environmental management approach based on Natura 2000 procedures.

Planning Sustainable Deep Sea Mining

The safety and environmental implications of deep-sea mineral extraction.

Some studies suggest deep-sea mineral extraction can significantly harm marine ecosystems, including seabed disturbance, pollution, and biodiversity loss, while other studies highlight the potential economic benefits and emphasize the need for responsible, sustainable practices and international cooperation.