Scientific name for vitamin d
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Scientific Name for Vitamin D
Introduction to Vitamin D: Cholecalciferol and Ergocalciferol
Vitamin D is a crucial nutrient for maintaining various physiological functions, particularly those related to bone health and calcium homeostasis. The term "vitamin D" encompasses two primary forms: cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). Cholecalciferol is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation and can also be obtained from dietary sources, while ergocalciferol is primarily derived from plant sources and fungi 24.
Active Metabolite: Calcitriol
The most biologically active form of vitamin D is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, also known as calcitriol. This metabolite is produced through a series of hydroxylation reactions, first in the liver to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and then in the kidneys to form 1,25(OH)2D 13. Calcitriol plays a pivotal role in regulating calcium and phosphate homeostasis, promoting their absorption in the gut, and maintaining adequate serum levels for bone mineralization 15.
Mechanism of Action: Vitamin D Receptor
Calcitriol exerts its effects by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear receptor that functions as a transcription factor. This receptor is present in various cell types, which explains the wide range of biological actions attributed to vitamin D. Upon binding to VDR, calcitriol forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor, influencing the expression of genes involved in calcium and phosphate metabolism, cell proliferation, differentiation, and immune responses 13.
Broader Health Implications
Beyond its classical roles in bone health, vitamin D has been implicated in numerous other physiological processes. These include modulation of the immune system, reduction of oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and potential anti-cancer properties. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of vitamin D in preventing and managing conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, and certain cancers 145.
Conclusion
In summary, the scientific names for vitamin D are cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). The active form, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), is essential for maintaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis and has a broad spectrum of biological effects mediated through the vitamin D receptor. Understanding these forms and their functions is crucial for appreciating the diverse roles of vitamin D in human health.
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