self-efficacy

Introduction

Self-efficacy, a concept rooted in social cognitive theory, refers to an individual's belief in their ability to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. It plays a crucial role in influencing thought patterns, actions, and emotional reactions across various domains, including education, health, and behavior change.

Key Insights

Influence on Behavior and Performance:
- Higher levels of self-efficacy are associated with better performance accomplishments and lower emotional arousal .
- Self-efficacy significantly predicts students' motivation, learning, activity choices, effort, persistence, and emotional reactions.
Health and Disease Management:
- Self-efficacy is a significant predictor of health behaviors, including smoking cessation, pain management, weight control, and recovery from myocardial infarction .
- It plays a crucial role in managing chronic diseases, such as heart disease, by influencing behaviors like medication adherence, exercise, stress management, and diet.
Substance Use Disorders:
- Self-efficacy is an important predictor and mediator of treatment outcomes in substance abuse, although it has not been widely incorporated into treatment designs.
General Self-Efficacy (GSE):
- GSE, the belief in one's ability to perform well across various situations, has been shown to have reliable psychometric properties and is associated with optimism, self-regulation, self-esteem, and lower levels of depression and anxiety .
Theoretical Framework and Determinants:
- Self-efficacy is influenced by performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. These sources of efficacy information are critical in determining the level and strength of self-efficacy .
- Differences in self-efficacy are linked to actual skill levels, personality traits, motivation, and task characteristics.
Cross-Cultural Validity:
- Self-efficacy is a universal construct that shows consistent relationships with other psychological constructs, such as personality, well-being, and academic performance, across different cultures.

Conclusion

Self-efficacy is a pivotal factor in various domains of human functioning, influencing behavior, performance, health outcomes, and learning. It is shaped by multiple sources of information and is consistent across different cultural contexts. Enhancing self-efficacy can lead to significant improvements in motivation, health behaviors, and overall well-being.

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Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency.

Higher self-efficacy levels lead to better performance and lower emotional arousal, with its influence extending to diverse phenomena such as coping behavior, physiological stress reactions, and social change.

Self-Efficacy: An Essential Motive to Learn.

Self-efficacy effectively predicts students' motivation and learning, influencing their activity choices, effort, persistence, and emotional reactions.

Self-efficacy and health.

Perceived self-efficacy plays a significant role in various health behaviors, such as smoking cessation, pain management, eating and weight control, recovery from diseases, and adherence to preventive health programs.

Exploring Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Disease Management

Higher self-efficacy is a significant predictor of better heart disease management behaviors in older women, suggesting it as a potential target for interventions.

The role of self-efficacy in the treatment of substance use disorders.

Self-efficacy is an important predictor and mediator of treatment outcomes in substance abuse treatment, but more research is needed to enhance its effectiveness and design better treatments.

Measuring General Self-Efficacy

The New General Self-Efficacy Scale shows slightly better item discrimination, item information, and test information efficiency compared to other measures of general self-efficacy.

Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.

Psychological procedures, regardless of their form, enhance self-efficacy, leading to behavioral changes and reduced defensive behavior in individuals.

Self-Efficacy: A Theoretical Analysis of Its Determinants and Malleability

Self-efficacy is a complex and malleable construct, influenced by factors such as personality, motivation, and the task itself, and can be improved through appropriate change strategies.

Tests of the generality of self-efficacy theory

Self-efficacy theory is generalizable across different treatment modalities and behavioral domains, with symbolic modeling enhancing coping behavior in agoraphobia treatment through increased perceived efficacy.

General self‐efficacy in various domains of human functioning: Evidence from five countries

Perceived general self-efficacy is a universal construct that positively and negatively impacts various psychological constructs, including optimism, self-regulation, and self-esteem, and academic performance across various countries.

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