Side effects for atenolol
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Side Effects of Atenolol: A Comprehensive Overview
Psychological Side Effects of Atenolol
Atenolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, has been studied for its psychological effects in patients with essential hypertension. Research indicates that atenolol significantly reduces arousal over a six-week period but does not affect anxiety levels. This contrasts with acebutolol, another beta-blocker, which reduces anxiety but not arousal.
Sleep Disturbances and CNS-Related Side Effects
Several studies have examined the central nervous system (CNS) side effects of atenolol. Unlike more lipophilic beta-blockers, atenolol does not significantly cause vivid dreams, hallucinations, or sleep disturbances . In fact, atenolol has been shown to improve sleep quality in patients who previously experienced CNS side effects with other beta-blockers . This is likely due to atenolol's lower lipophilicity compared to other beta-blockers like metoprolol.
Comparison with Other Beta-Blockers
When compared to pindolol, another beta-blocker, atenolol was associated with fewer sleep disturbances and a reduction in fatigue and dreams over time. This suggests that atenolol may be a better option for patients who are sensitive to these particular side effects.
Atenolol and Cognitive Function
Studies on the effects of atenolol on cognitive function have shown that it does not significantly impair reaction time, critical flicker frequency, or subjective feelings of drowsiness. This is in contrast to methyldopa, which has been shown to prolong reaction time and increase drowsiness.
Rare but Serious Side Effects
Atenolol has been associated with rare but serious side effects, such as drug-induced lupus erythematosus. In one case, a patient developed connective tissue disease and antihistone antibodies after long-term use of atenolol. The symptoms subsided after discontinuation of the drug, and reappeared upon rechallenge, confirming atenolol as the cause.
Platelet Function and Cardiovascular Effects
Atenolol has been shown to reduce platelet adhesion in hypertensive patients, which may contribute to its cardioprotective effects. However, it does not significantly affect platelet aggregation or alter blood chemistry and hematological parameters.
Conclusion
Atenolol is generally well-tolerated with fewer CNS-related side effects compared to more lipophilic beta-blockers. It does not significantly impair cognitive function and may even improve sleep quality in some patients. However, rare but serious side effects like drug-induced lupus erythematosus can occur. Overall, atenolol remains a viable option for managing hypertension, particularly for patients sensitive to CNS side effects.
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