Side effects from lisinopril hctz
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Side Effects of Lisinopril-Hydrochlorothiazide (Lisinopril HCTZ)
Introduction to Lisinopril HCTZ Combination
Lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), a thiazide diuretic, are often combined to treat hypertension. This combination leverages the complementary mechanisms of both drugs to enhance blood pressure control. However, like all medications, the combination of lisinopril and HCTZ can lead to side effects.
Common Side Effects of Lisinopril HCTZ
Increased Frequency of Mild Adverse Effects
Patients receiving the combination of lisinopril and HCTZ tend to experience more frequent side effects compared to those on monotherapy with either drug alone. These side effects are generally mild and tend to subside spontaneously .
Metabolic Changes
The combination of lisinopril and HCTZ can lead to several metabolic changes. Notably, it can increase plasma uric acid levels and decrease potassium levels, which contrasts with lisinopril alone, which tends to increase potassium levels. Additionally, while HCTZ alone can increase cholesterol levels, the combination with lisinopril has been shown to decrease cholesterol.
Impact on Lipid Profiles
The combination of lisinopril and HCTZ has been associated with changes in lipid profiles. Specifically, HDL cholesterol levels may be depressed when taking HCTZ alone or in combination with lisinopril. However, the combination does not significantly affect triglyceride concentrations.
Cardiovascular Effects
Heart Rate Changes
The combination of lisinopril and HCTZ has been shown to decrease heart rate more significantly than HCTZ alone. This effect is beneficial in managing hypertension but should be monitored to avoid bradycardia.
Blood Pressure Control
The combination therapy is more effective in controlling blood pressure compared to monotherapy with either lisinopril or HCTZ alone. This superior efficacy is reflected in the greater reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure .
Serious Adverse Effects
Cough and Angioedema
One of the more serious side effects associated with lisinopril, including when combined with HCTZ, is a persistent cough. This side effect is less common with the combination therapy compared to lisinopril alone but still notable. Additionally, there have been rare cases of angioedema reported with lisinopril, which can be a severe and potentially life-threatening condition.
Electrolyte Imbalances
The combination of lisinopril and HCTZ can lead to significant electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia (low potassium levels) due to the diuretic effect of HCTZ. This necessitates regular monitoring of electrolyte levels to prevent complications .
Conclusion
The combination of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide is effective in managing hypertension but comes with a range of side effects. These include mild adverse effects, metabolic changes, and more serious issues like cough and electrolyte imbalances. Regular monitoring and appropriate management can help mitigate these side effects, ensuring the benefits of the combination therapy outweigh the risks.
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