Side effects of kratom use
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Side Effects of Kratom Use
Introduction to Kratom and Its Uses
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia, traditionally used for its stimulant and opioid-like effects. It has gained popularity worldwide for managing pain, opioid withdrawal, and fatigue. Despite its perceived benefits, kratom use is associated with a range of adverse effects that raise significant health concerns.
Common Adverse Effects of Kratom
Gastrointestinal Issues
One of the most frequently reported side effects of kratom use is gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, vomiting, and constipation . These symptoms are often dose-dependent, with higher doses leading to more severe gastrointestinal issues.
Neurological and Psychological Effects
Kratom can cause a variety of neurological and psychological effects. Users have reported experiencing euphoria, relaxation, and mood elevation, but also more severe symptoms such as aggression, hostility, and psychosis . Additionally, kratom use has been linked to cognitive and behavioral impairments, including confusion and agitation.
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Issues
Kratom use can lead to cardiovascular problems such as hypertension, tachycardia, and arrhythmia . Although respiratory depression is not commonly reported, it remains a potential risk, especially when kratom is used in combination with other substances.
Seizures and Neurological Disorders
Seizures are a significant concern associated with kratom use. Multiple reports have documented seizures in users, highlighting the need for caution . Other neurological disorders, such as transient hearing loss and cognitive impairments, have also been observed.
Severe and Life-Threatening Effects
Liver and Kidney Damage
Kratom use has been linked to severe liver and kidney damage, including conditions like intrahepatic cholestasis and acute kidney injury . These conditions can lead to long-term health complications and require immediate medical attention.
Rhabdomyolysis and Multiorgan Dysfunction
In rare cases, kratom overdose can result in rhabdomyolysis, a condition characterized by muscle breakdown that can lead to kidney failure and other organ dysfunctions. This condition necessitates urgent medical intervention and highlights the potential severity of kratom toxicity.
Addiction and Withdrawal
Kratom has a high potential for addiction and dependence. Regular use can lead to tolerance, and abrupt cessation can result in withdrawal symptoms similar to those of opioids, including cravings, anxiety, and physical discomfort . Some users have reported difficulty in maintaining abstinence due to the uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms.
Conclusion
While kratom may offer some benefits, such as pain relief and mood enhancement, its use is fraught with significant risks. The adverse effects range from mild gastrointestinal issues to severe, life-threatening conditions like seizures, liver damage, and rhabdomyolysis. The potential for addiction and withdrawal further complicates its safety profile. Given these risks, both clinicians and consumers should exercise caution and be well-informed about the potential dangers associated with kratom use.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic