Signs of blocked arteries
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Consensus Meter
Signs of Blocked Arteries
Blocked arteries, also known as arterial occlusions, can lead to severe health conditions such as heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Recognizing the signs of blocked arteries is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. This article synthesizes research findings on the signs and detection methods for blocked arteries.
Hyperdense Artery Sign (HAS) in Acute Ischemic Stroke
One significant indicator of arterial obstruction in acute ischemic stroke is the Hyperdense Artery Sign (HAS) observed in noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scans. HAS represents intraluminal thrombus and is a surrogate marker for arterial blockage. Studies have shown that HAS has a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 95% for detecting arterial obstruction. The presence of HAS indicates a high likelihood of arterial blockage, especially in proximal arteries, and its detection sensitivity improves with thinner CT slices.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Its Symptoms
Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when coronary arteries are blocked by atheroma and thrombus, leading to reduced blood supply to the heart. This condition can manifest as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and in severe cases, heart attacks. Early detection is challenging as symptoms often appear only when the disease has progressed significantly. Advanced techniques like percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and intracoronary thrombolysis are used to treat CAD by unblocking the arteries.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) Indicators
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by the narrowing of arteries, particularly in the lower limbs, due to atherosclerosis. Symptoms of PAD include leg pain while walking (claudication), numbness, and in severe cases, critical limb ischemia (CLI), which can lead to limb loss . PAD is often underdiagnosed, especially in women, who may experience worse outcomes after intervention due to biological differences and potential biases in the healthcare system.
Electrocardiographic Signs of Coronary Occlusion
Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are crucial for diagnosing acute coronary occlusion. Common signs include ST-segment elevation and new onset left bundle-branch block. However, some patients may present with atypical ECG signs, making early diagnosis challenging. Recognizing these atypical signs is essential for timely intervention and restoration of blood flow.
Acoustic Detection of Coronary Artery Disease
A promising noninvasive method for detecting coronary artery disease involves identifying acoustic signatures generated by turbulent blood flow through partially occluded arteries. This technique, although still under development, offers a cost-effective and simple approach to early detection of CAD. Advanced signal processing techniques are required to detect the faint sounds associated with coronary blockages amidst the noise from heart valve sounds.
Conclusion
Recognizing the signs of blocked arteries is vital for preventing severe cardiovascular events. Techniques such as detecting the Hyperdense Artery Sign in CT scans, understanding the symptoms of CAD and PAD, identifying ECG changes, and exploring acoustic detection methods are crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Continued research and development in these areas hold promise for improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of arterial diseases.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic