Skin cancer on neck
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Skin Cancer on the Neck: Types, Risk Factors, and Treatment Options
Types of Skin Cancer on the Neck
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers (NMSC)
The majority of skin cancers on the neck are nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), which include basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) . BCC is the most common type, accounting for approximately 75-80% of NMSC cases, while SCC makes up about 20-25% . These cancers are primarily caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
Malignant Melanoma
Although less common than NMSC, malignant melanoma is a more aggressive form of skin cancer that can also occur on the neck. It requires early detection and treatment to improve outcomes.
Risk Factors for Skin Cancer on the Neck
Ultraviolet Radiation
The predominant risk factor for developing skin cancer on the neck is exposure to UV radiation. This includes both chronic sun exposure and acute sunburns . Sunscreen protection and avoiding sunburns are critical preventive measures .
Genetic Factors
Certain genetic conditions, such as albinism, significantly increase the risk of developing skin cancer. In a study conducted in Zaria, Nigeria, 14 out of 174 patients with head and neck skin cancer had albinism, highlighting the genetic predisposition in these cases.
Delay in Presentation
Delay in seeking medical attention for suspicious lesions can lead to increased tumor growth and more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. This delay is often due to denial or lack of awareness.
Treatment Options for Skin Cancer on the Neck
Surgical Excision
Surgical removal of the tumor is the primary treatment for NMSC on the neck. Techniques such as wide local excision and Mohs surgery are commonly used to ensure complete removal while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible . These methods offer high cure rates and favorable cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is typically reserved for cases where surgery is not feasible or as an adjuvant treatment for high-risk cases. It can be particularly useful for patients with complex cases or those who are immunosuppressed.
Multidisciplinary Approach
For advanced or aggressive lesions, a multidisciplinary team approach is recommended. This ensures comprehensive evaluation and management, which is crucial for achieving the best possible outcomes .
Conclusion
Skin cancer on the neck, predominantly comprising nonmelanoma skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, is primarily caused by UV radiation exposure. Early detection and treatment are essential for favorable outcomes. Surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment, often supplemented by radiation therapy in complex cases. Preventive measures, including sunscreen use and avoiding sunburns, are critical in reducing the risk of developing skin cancer on the neck.
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