Sodium biphosphate
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Sodium Biphosphate: Applications and Effects
Sodium Biphosphate as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel
Corrosion Inhibition in Chloride-Contaminated Concrete
Sodium biphosphate (Na₂HPO₄) has been extensively studied for its effectiveness as a corrosion inhibitor for construction steel, particularly in environments contaminated with chloride ions. Research indicates that sodium biphosphate can significantly enhance the passivation of steel surfaces, thereby reducing the rate of corrosion. In chloride-contaminated carbonated concrete, the addition of sodium biphosphate results in a more positive corrosion potential (Ecorr) and a reduction in pitting corrosion, which is a common form of localized corrosion in such environments .
Optimal Dosage and Long-Term Efficacy
The effectiveness of sodium biphosphate as a corrosion inhibitor is highly dependent on its concentration. Studies have shown that higher concentrations of sodium biphosphate (e.g., 100 mmol/L) can maintain steel in a passive state for over a month, with inhibition efficiencies exceeding 99% . Lower concentrations, however, may not provide sufficient protection, as evidenced by the occurrence of pitting corrosion at 20 mmol/L and 60 mmol/L concentrations. The optimal dosage for achieving maximum inhibition efficiency in highly carbonated solutions has been identified as 0.06 mol/L.
Sodium Biphosphate in Medical Applications
Hyperphosphatemia Risk
Sodium biphosphate is also used in medical applications, such as in sodium phosphate enemas. However, its use can lead to acute hyperphosphatemia, especially in patients with underlying conditions like liver dysfunction and chronic renal failure. This condition is characterized by elevated phosphate levels in the blood, which can have serious health implications.
Sodium Biphosphate in Energy Storage
Role in Sodium-Air Batteries
In the field of energy storage, sodium biphosphate derivatives, such as cobalt metaphosphates, have been explored as bifunctional electrocatalysts for hybrid sodium-air batteries. These materials offer high capacity, cycling stability, and Coulombic efficiency, making them suitable for rechargeable battery applications. The use of sodium biphosphate-based catalysts in air cathodes has demonstrated low overpotential and excellent cycling stability, with a round-trip energy efficiency of 78%.
Conclusion
Sodium biphosphate is a versatile compound with significant applications in corrosion inhibition, medical treatments, and energy storage. Its effectiveness as a corrosion inhibitor for steel in chloride-contaminated environments is well-documented, with optimal dosages providing long-term protection. However, its use in medical applications requires caution due to the risk of hyperphosphatemia. Additionally, sodium biphosphate derivatives show promise in enhancing the performance of sodium-air batteries, contributing to advancements in energy storage technology.
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