Squamous cell skin cancer symptoms

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Symptoms of Squamous Cell Skin Cancer

Introduction to Squamous Cell Skin Cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer, originating from the squamous cells in the epidermis. It is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. While most cases of SCC are localized and treatable, a subset can become aggressive and metastasize, leading to severe health outcomes .

Common Symptoms of Squamous Cell Skin Cancer

Skin Lesions and Growths

The most noticeable symptom of squamous cell skin cancer is the appearance of abnormal skin lesions. These lesions can manifest as:

Scaly Red Patches: These patches are often rough and may bleed or crust over .
Open Sores: Persistent, non-healing sores that may bleed or ooze are a common sign .
Elevated Growths: These growths can have a central depression and may bleed occasionally .
Wart-like Growths: These can appear as raised, wart-like growths on the skin .

Changes in Existing Skin Lesions

Existing moles or skin lesions that change in size, shape, or color can also be indicative of SCC. Any lesion that becomes painful, itchy, or tender should be evaluated by a healthcare professional .

High-Risk Features and Symptoms

Aggressive and High-Risk SCC

Certain features can indicate a more aggressive form of SCC, known as high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HRcSCC). These features include:

Rapid Growth: Lesions that grow quickly over weeks or months .
Size and Depth: Lesions larger than 2 cm or those that penetrate deeply into the skin layers .
Location: Lesions on high-risk areas such as the ears, lips, and genitalia .
Immunosuppression: Patients with weakened immune systems, such as organ transplant recipients, are at higher risk.

Symptoms of Metastatic SCC

In rare cases, SCC can metastasize to other parts of the body, leading to more severe symptoms:

Swollen Lymph Nodes: Enlarged lymph nodes near the affected area can indicate metastasis .
Pain and Swelling: Pain in the affected area or swelling in the limbs can be a sign of advanced disease.
Systemic Symptoms: Symptoms such as back pain, leg swelling, and urinary tract infections can occur if the cancer spreads to internal organs.

Conclusion

Recognizing the symptoms of squamous cell skin cancer early is crucial for effective treatment and management. Common symptoms include scaly red patches, open sores, elevated growths, and changes in existing skin lesions. High-risk features such as rapid growth, large size, and immunosuppression can indicate a more aggressive form of SCC. In rare cases, metastatic SCC can cause swollen lymph nodes, pain, and systemic symptoms. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent the progression and metastasis of SCC.