Strategic planning
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Research Analysis by Consensus
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Introduction
Strategic planning is a structured approach used by organizations to make fundamental decisions and actions that shape their direction and performance. It involves a disciplined process that integrates strategic thinking, acting, and learning to enhance organizational effectiveness.
Key Insights
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Strategic Planning and Organizational Performance
- Strategic planning has a positive, moderate, and significant impact on organizational performance, particularly when measured as effectiveness and when formal strategic planning is employed .
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Evolution and Adaptation of Strategic Planning
- Strategic planning has evolved significantly since its inception, shifting responsibilities from staff to line managers, decentralizing to business units, and incorporating more sophisticated and varied planning techniques .
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Strategic Planning in Public and Nonprofit Sectors
- Government and public sector organizations have increasingly adopted strategic planning to manage changes and improve decision-making and program performance, although its success can be variable due to the complexity of public sector environments .
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Challenges and Criticisms
- Strategic planning is often criticized for being overly rational and for inhibiting strategic thinking. It is also based on the mistaken assumption that the external environment can be made predictable, which is not always the case .
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Roles and Benefits of Formal Strategic Planning
- Formal strategic planning can play various roles such as public relations, information dissemination, group therapy, and direction and control. However, it cannot alone produce strategic vision and direction where it is lacking.
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Strategic Planning as a Communicative Process
- Strategic planning involves iterative and recursive communication processes where multiple actors engage in dialogue to shape and refine the strategic plan, which becomes more authoritative over time.
Conclusion
Strategic planning is a valuable tool for enhancing organizational performance and managing change, particularly when it is formalized and integrated with strategic thinking. While it has evolved to become more sophisticated and decentralized, it still faces challenges such as unpredictability of the external environment and potential inhibition of strategic thinking. Despite these challenges, strategic planning remains a critical process for both public and private sector organizations, playing various roles that contribute to organizational direction and control.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
2
The Fall and Rise of Strategic Planning
2
1,974 Citations
1994
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