Suggests the mechanism of reversing this condition/possible treatment/antidote for dog toxicosis

Suggested Mechanisms and Possible Treatments for Dog Toxicosis

1. Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE) Therapy

Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy has been demonstrated as an effective treatment for various lipid-soluble toxins in dogs. This approach works by creating a "lipid sink" that sequesters the toxin, reducing its bioavailability and facilitating its removal from the body.

Minoxidil Toxicosis: In a case of minoxidil toxicosis, ILE was administered as a bolus followed by a continuous rate infusion, which contributed to the successful resolution of clinical signs.
Moxidectin Toxicosis: A similar approach was used for moxidectin toxicosis, where ILE administration led to dramatic improvement in the dog's neurological status.
Ivermectin Toxicosis: ILE was also effective in treating ivermectin toxicosis, supporting the lipid sink mechanism of action.
Metaldehyde Toxicosis: ILE therapy was successfully used to treat metaldehyde poisoning, resulting in normalization of vital signs and complete neurological recovery.

2. Supportive Care and Symptomatic Treatment

Supportive care, including fluid therapy, cardiovascular and respiratory monitoring, and symptomatic treatment, is crucial in managing toxicosis.

Minoxidil Toxicosis: Dopamine hydrochloride was used to manage hypotension, and esmolol hydrochloride was administered for heart rate control. Additional medications included maropitant citrate and ondansetron for vomiting.
Moxidectin Toxicosis: Initial therapy included diazepam, glycopyrrolate, and IV fluids, along with mechanical ventilation and supportive nursing care.
Ivermectin Toxicosis: Supportive care with IV fluid therapy and monitoring was provided alongside ILE treatment.

3. Specific Antidotes and Novel Therapies

In some cases, specific antidotes or novel therapies can be employed to counteract the toxic effects.

Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicosis: Intravenous vitamin K1 was used to rapidly reverse the coagulopathic state in dogs, normalizing prothrombin time within an hour.

4. Plasma Exchange

In cases of severe toxicosis or complications from treatment, plasma exchange can be considered.

Baclofen Toxicosis: Manual plasma exchange was used to treat severe hypertriglyceridemia resulting from an overdose of intravenous lipid emulsion in a dog with baclofen toxicosis. This approach improved cardiovascular function and coagulation.

Conclusion

The management of dog toxicosis often involves a combination of ILE therapy, supportive care, specific antidotes, and in severe cases, plasma exchange. These treatments have been shown to be effective in various cases of toxicosis, including those caused by lipid-soluble toxins such as minoxidil, moxidectin, ivermectin, and metaldehyde.

References

Successful management of minoxidil toxicosis in a dog.
Moxidectin toxicosis in a puppy successfully treated with intravenous lipids.
Use of intravenous lipid emulsion to treat ivermectin toxicosis in a Border Collie.
Manual plasma exchange to treat an accidental overdose of intravenous lipid emulsion in a dog with baclofen toxicosis.
Intravenous vitamin K1 normalises prothrombin time in 1 hour in dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis.
Successful treatment of metaldehyde toxicosis with intravenous lipid emulsion in a dog.

Suggests the mechanism of reversing this condition/possible treatment/antidote for dog toxicosis

Summary

Suggested Mechanisms and Possible Treatments for Dog Toxicosis

1. Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE) Therapy

2. Supportive Care and Symptomatic Treatment

3. Specific Antidotes and Novel Therapies

4. Plasma Exchange

Conclusion

References

Sources and full results

Successful management of minoxidil toxicosis in a dog.

Successful treatment with dopamine hydrochloride, esmolol hydrochloride, and lipid emulsion effectively managed minoxidil toxicosis in a dog, leading to a full recovery and return to normal behavior.

Moxidectin toxicosis in a puppy successfully treated with intravenous lipids.

Intravenous lipid therapy effectively reverses signs of moxidectin toxicity in dogs, potentially being a highly effective treatment for this and other fat-soluble toxins.

Increased toxicity of P-glycoprotein-substrate chemotherapeutic agents in a dog with the MDR1 deletion mutation associated with ivermectin sensitivity.

A deletion mutation in the canine MDR1 gene may cause increased toxicity of P-glycoprotein-substrate chemotherapy drugs in dogs, potentially leading to delayed drug excretion and clinical signs of toxicosis.

Use of intravenous lipid emulsion to treat ivermectin toxicosis in a Border Collie.

Intravenous lipid emulsion effectively treated ivermectin toxicosis in a Border Collie, allowing the dog to return to normal within 4 days.

Manual plasma exchange to treat an accidental overdose of intravenous lipid emulsion in a dog with baclofen toxicosis.

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) effectively treated iatrogenic hypertriglyceridemia in a dog with baclofen toxicosis, but the dog ultimately had to be euthanized due to respiratory distress.

Intravenous vitamin K1 normalises prothrombin time in 1 hour in dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis.

Intravenous vitamin K1 rapidly reverses the coagulopathic state in dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis, offering a viable alternative to plasma transfusion, but monitoring for anaphylactoid reactions is necessary.

Successful treatment of metaldehyde toxicosis with intravenous lipid emulsion in a dog

Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy (ILE) successfully treated metaldehyde poisoning in a dog, resulting in complete neurological recovery.

Treatment of Cyanobacterial (Microcystin) Toxicosis Using Oral Cholestyramine: Case Report of a Dog from Montana

Oral cholestyramine therapy, combined with supportive therapy, effectively reduced hospitalization time, cost-of-care, and mortality in a dog exposed to cyanobacterial (microcystin) toxicosis.

Suspected synthetic cannabinoid toxicosis in a dog.

Synthetic cannabinoid toxicosis in dogs may result in more severe clinical signs than marijuana ingestion, and intravenous lipid emulsion treatment may be beneficial due to its lipophilicity.

Management and prevention of toxicoses in search-and-rescue dogs responding to urban disasters.

Hydrocarbons are a common source of toxicosis in SAR dogs, and proper management and treatment can minimize risks.

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