Symptoms of haematoma
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Symptoms of Haematoma
Haematomas, which are collections of blood outside of blood vessels, can occur in various parts of the body and present with a range of symptoms depending on their location and severity. This article synthesizes findings from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the symptoms associated with different types of haematomas.
Spinal Haematoma Symptoms
Neurological Deficits and Pain
Spinal haematomas, particularly those occurring after neuraxial anaesthesia, can lead to severe neurological symptoms. Common initial symptoms include spinal or radicular pain, which may be followed by significant motor deficits such as paresis or paralysis . The severity of these symptoms often correlates with the initial neurological deficit, and delayed decompression surgery can worsen outcomes .
Paraplegia
In some cases, spinal epidural haematomas can lead to paraplegia, which may develop suddenly or after a history of intermittent minor pain attacks. These attacks can include pain radiating into the limbs or around the trunk, depending on the bleeding site. Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial to prevent permanent paralysis.
Intracranial Subdural Haematoma Symptoms
Persistent Headache and Neurological Signs
Intracranial subdural haematomas, particularly following neuraxial anaesthesia in obstetric patients, often present with persistent headaches that do not respond to postural changes. Focal neurological signs, such as weakness or sensory deficits, are also common. These symptoms necessitate immediate medical attention to avoid severe neurological sequelae.
Muscle Haematoma Symptoms
Pain and Syncope
Muscle haematomas, which can occur as a complication of antithrombotic treatment for ischaemic stroke, typically present with acute pain and, in some cases, syncope. These haematomas may not show skin lesions initially, but ecchymosis can develop later. Diagnosis can be challenging, and symptoms like pain and syncope should prompt consideration of muscle haematoma in patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy.
Paroxysmal Finger Haematoma Symptoms
Sharp Pain and Discoloration
Paroxysmal finger haematomas are characterized by sudden sharp pain followed by blue to black discoloration on the volar side of the fingers. The affected finger may become swollen, pale, and numb. These haematomas typically resolve within a few days and are often associated with a burning sensation. Despite their alarming appearance, they are generally harmless and self-limiting.
Adrenal Haematoma Symptoms
Flank Pain and Non-Specific Symptoms
Adrenal haematomas often present with non-specific symptoms such as flank pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, tachycardia, anorexia, fatigue, and back pain. These symptoms are non-specific and require imaging for accurate diagnosis. The presence of a heterogenous mass on ultrasound or CT can help identify an adrenal haematoma.
Conclusion
Haematomas can present with a variety of symptoms depending on their location. Spinal haematomas often cause severe neurological deficits and pain, while intracranial subdural haematomas are marked by persistent headaches and focal neurological signs. Muscle haematomas present with pain and syncope, and paroxysmal finger haematomas cause sharp pain and discoloration. Adrenal haematomas are associated with non-specific symptoms like flank pain and require imaging for diagnosis. Prompt recognition and treatment of haematomas are crucial to prevent severe complications and improve outcomes.
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