Symptoms Of High Cholesterol

Cardiovascular Symptoms of High Cholesterol

High cholesterol, particularly in the form of hypercholesterolemia, is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol can lead to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of cholesterol plaques in the arterial walls. This can result in significant narrowing of the coronary arteries, leading to myocardial ischemia, which manifests as chest pain or angina. In severe cases, this can progress to coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD), both of which are marked by impaired blood flow and increased risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Neurological Symptoms and Alzheimer's Disease

High cholesterol levels have also been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Elevated serum cholesterol in midlife is associated with an increased risk of developing AD later in life. This is thought to be due to the transport of cholesterol breakdown products, such as 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), into the brain, which can lead to neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. This neurodegeneration is accompanied by changes in estrogen receptor expression and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are early indicators of AD pathology.

Microvascular Dysfunction

Hypercholesterolemia can cause significant microvascular dysfunction. This includes endothelial cell dysfunction, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, increased oxidative stress, and a pro-inflammatory state. These changes can lead to impaired vascular reactivity and contribute to the development of microvascular complications, which are often seen in conditions like diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

Systemic Effects and Other Diseases

Excess cholesterol accumulation is not limited to cardiovascular and neurological systems. It plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various other diseases, including liver diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and immune disorders. High cholesterol levels can also disrupt the pituitary-thyroid axis and have been implicated in the severity of COVID-19. These systemic effects highlight the widespread impact of high cholesterol on overall health.

Conclusion

High cholesterol is a significant risk factor for a variety of health issues, ranging from cardiovascular diseases to neurodegenerative conditions and systemic disorders. The symptoms and complications associated with high cholesterol underscore the importance of monitoring and managing cholesterol levels to maintain overall health and prevent disease progression.

Symptoms of high cholesterol

Summary

Not a yes or no question