Temperature formula
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Temperature Formulas in Various Scientific Contexts
Temperature Coefficients in Biology
In biological processes, traditional chemical temperature-velocity formulas such as the Q10 rule and the Van't Hoff-Arrhenius law have shown limited accuracy. These formulas, which are effective in chemistry, do not hold consistently in biological reactions due to the variability of constants like Q10 and μ with temperature. A new empirical temperature formula has been proposed, which maintains a constant value (b) independent of temperature, unlike Q10 and μ, which decrease steadily as temperature increases. This new formula aligns well with observed biological data and simplifies the relationship between temperature and biological reaction rates1.
Mean Skin Temperature Calculation
The reliability of formulas for calculating mean skin temperature (Tsk) has been evaluated using infrared thermography. Among 18 different techniques, the agreement frequency with infrared thermographic measurements varied significantly, from 7% to 80%. It was found that using more than seven skin temperature measurement sites, including the hand and foot, significantly improved the accuracy of Tsk calculations. This suggests that a comprehensive approach involving multiple measurement sites is essential for reliable mean skin temperature estimation2.
Equivalent Potential Temperature Formulas
New formulas for pseudoadiabatic equivalent potential temperature (EPT) have been developed, showing maximum errors of only 0.015 K within a specified thermodynamic range. These formulas are more accurate compared to previous ones and provide a simplified method for calculating EPT, which is crucial in meteorological studies3 6.
Classical Microcanonical Ensemble Temperature
A generalized formula for the temperature of a classical system has been derived, extending the original work by Rugh. This formula shows that the inverse of the temperature is proportional to the average of a specific function involving the Hamiltonian of the system. This generalization includes familiar results such as the virial theorem, providing a broader application in classical thermodynamics4.
Non-Isothermal Kinetic Analysis
A new approximate formula for the temperature integral in non-isothermal kinetic analysis has been proposed. This formula, which shows a linear dependence on x, has been validated against numerical data and demonstrates superior accuracy compared to previous approximations. It is particularly useful for evaluating kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric (TG) experiments5 10.
Mean Body Temperature Estimation
The estimation of mean body temperature (MBT) from core and mean skin temperatures using Burton's formula has been tested and found to be generally accurate. The formula MBT = 0.64 · TCore + 0.36 · TSkin showed a strong correlation with measured MBT across a wide temperature range, making it a reliable method for estimating MBT in various conditions, including perioperative settings7.
Base Temperature for Growing Degree Days
Mathematical formulas for calculating the base temperature for growing degree days (GDD) have been developed, providing a simpler and more accurate method compared to traditional procedures. These formulas have been tested with temperature data for various crops and can be applied to any developmental stage, enhancing the precision of GDD calculations8.
Kelvin Formula for Thermopower
The Kelvin formula for the Seebeck coefficient, derived from the particle number derivative of entropy at constant volume and temperature, offers a concise and competitive method for calculating thermopower. This formula is particularly effective in contexts involving strongly correlated systems and has been validated against recent thermopower calculations for non-Abelian fractional quantum-Hall states9.
Conclusion
The development and refinement of temperature formulas across various scientific disciplines highlight the importance of context-specific approaches. From biological processes to meteorological studies and thermodynamic systems, these formulas provide more accurate and reliable methods for temperature-related calculations, enhancing our understanding and application of thermal dynamics in diverse fields.
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TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS IN BIOLOGY
The new empirical temperature formula proposed by the writer provides a more accurate temperature coefficient for biological processes than the Van't Hoff-Arrhenius law and Q10 formula, both of which show low accuracy in biology.
Highly CitedEvaluation of mean skin temperature formulas by infrared thermography
A reliable mean skin temperature calculation requires more than seven measurement sites, regardless of ambient temperature, to achieve at least 95% agreement frequency.
Highly CitedOn Formulas for Equivalent Potential Temperature
The new formula for pseudoadiabatic equivalent potential temperature has an accuracy of 0.015 K in the region defined by wet-bulb potential temperature 32°C and pressure between 100 and 1050 mb, improving accuracy in this region.
Temperature in the classical microcanonical ensemble
The inverse of the temperature in a classical system is proportional to the average of the function.(B/B.H), which includes the virial theorem.
Highly CitedNew Temperature Integral Approximate Formula for Non-isothermal Kinetic Analysis
This new approximate formula for temperature integral is superior to other published formulae and is the most suitable solution for evaluating kinetic parameters in non-isothermal kinetic analysis.
Highly CitedThe Computation of Equivalent Potential Temperature
This simplified procedure for computing equivalent potential temperature reduces errors in tropical situations, compared to more complex procedures like Betts and Dugan (1973) and Simpson (1978).
Highly CitedEstimation of Mean Body Temperature from Mean Skin and Core Temperature
Estimating mean body temperature from mean skin and core temperatures using Burton's formula is generally accurate and precise, with a remarkably good relation between measured and estimated values.
Observational StudyHighly CitedMathematical formulae for calculating the base temperature for growing degree days
This research proposes simple and accurate mathematical formulae for calculating the base temperature for growing degree days, applicable to any crop and developmental stage.
Highly CitedKelvin formula for thermopower
The Kelvin formula for thermopower is a competitive and exact expression for calculating Seebeck coefficients in strongly correlated materials.
New approximate formula for Arrhenius temperature integral
Our new approximate formula for Arrhenius temperature integral provides the best results for kinetics analysis of non-isothermal processes compared to previously published formulae.
Highly Cited