Temperature range for venus
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Temperature Range on Venus: Insights from Recent Research
Venus Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Temperatures
Recent studies have provided detailed insights into the temperature range of Venus's upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy of CO2 emission lines has revealed that kinetic temperatures at approximately 110 km altitude range from about 200 to 240 K, with an uncertainty typically less than 10 K . These measurements, taken during different periods, show a high degree of variability, which can be attributed to atmospheric dynamics, diurnal variability, and changes over solar activity and seasons .
Mesospheric Temperature Variability
Observations using the Infrared Imager and Spectrograph 2 (IRIS2) on the Anglo-Australian Telescope have provided temperature maps for the Venus mesosphere at an altitude of around 95 km. These temperatures range from about 181 to 196 K, which are typically 15-30 K higher than those predicted by the Venus International Reference Atmosphere (VIRA) model . This discrepancy suggests that local atmospheric dynamics, such as compressional heating in downwelling gas, may play a significant role in temperature variations.
Night Side Mesospheric Temperatures
The Venus Express mission's VIRTIS instrument has recorded temperatures on the night side of Venus at about 95 km altitude, showing a range from 145.5 to 198.1 K, with an average value of 176.3 K . These measurements are consistent with previous observations and highlight the variability in temperature with respect to latitude and local time, with a minimum at equatorial latitudes and higher values towards mid-latitudes.
Long-Term Temperature Observations
Long-term observations from 2009 to 2015 using ground-based spectrometers have provided temperature data for the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere at different locations of the morning and evening terminator of Venus. These temperatures range between 140 K and 240 K, with mean values around 199 K for the morning side and 195 K for the evening side . No significant difference between the morning and evening terminator temperatures was found, and no strong latitudinal dependency was observed at these local times.
Day-to-Night Temperature Variation
The Venera 9 space probe measured the temperature at the altitude of 250 km, finding a significant variation from 500 K on the dayside to 200 K on the nightside . This large variation is attributed to the heating of the upper atmosphere by solar radiation and has implications for the transport of hydrogen and atomic oxygen in the upper atmosphere.
Exospheric Temperature Range
Calculations indicate that the exospheric temperature of Venus can range from 450 K to 850 K, depending on the solar cycle . This wide range reflects the influence of extreme ultraviolet solar radiation on the upper atmosphere.
Conclusion
The temperature range on Venus varies significantly across different altitudes and times of day. In the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere, temperatures range from about 140 K to 240 K, with notable variability due to atmospheric dynamics and solar activity. At higher altitudes, such as the exosphere, temperatures can reach up to 850 K. These findings underscore the complex and dynamic nature of Venus's atmosphere.
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