Tension headache medicine
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Effective Treatments for Tension-Type Headache: A Comprehensive Review
Introduction to Tension-Type Headache
Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent neurological disorder globally, characterized by recurrent headaches of mild to moderate intensity, bilateral location, and a pressing or tightening quality without aggravation by routine physical activity. The management of TTH involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, aiming to reduce headache frequency, intensity, and improve the quality of life for sufferers.
Pharmacological Treatments for Tension-Type Headache
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Tricyclic antidepressants, particularly amitriptyline, have been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of chronic TTH. High-quality evidence suggests that TCAs are superior to placebo in reducing headache frequency and the number of analgesic medications consumed. TCAs are also more effective than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in managing TTH, although they are associated with more adverse events .
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
SSRIs and SNRIs have been evaluated for TTH prevention, but the evidence does not support their use over TCAs. Studies indicate that SSRIs and SNRIs are no more effective than placebo or amitriptyline in reducing headache frequency in chronic TTH patients . SSRIs are generally more tolerable than TCAs but are less effective in reducing the intake of analgesic medications.
Botulinum Toxin (BTX)
Botulinum toxin injections have been explored as a treatment for TTH, with several studies suggesting a significant reduction in pain intensity and severity. However, more research is needed to establish the long-term efficacy and safety of BTX for TTH management.
Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Tension-Type Headache
Acupuncture
Acupuncture has been widely studied for TTH, with mixed results. Some studies show that acupuncture is more effective than no treatment or routine care in reducing headache frequency and pain intensity in the short term. However, the benefits over sham acupuncture are small and not always statistically significant . Different acupuncture techniques, such as bloodletting therapy and head acupuncture combined with Western medicine, have shown varying degrees of effectiveness.
Complementary and Integrative Medicine (CIM)
Complementary and integrative medicine, including traditional Chinese medicine, massage, yoga, biofeedback, and meditation, has shown positive effects on TTH. These therapies are generally considered safe and can be used alongside conventional treatments to enhance overall outcomes.
Conclusion
The management of tension-type headache involves a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Tricyclic antidepressants remain the most effective pharmacological option, while acupuncture and other complementary therapies offer additional benefits. Further high-quality research is needed to optimize treatment strategies and improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from TTH.
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