Tiny cavity

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Microfluidic Fabrication of Tiny Cavity-Microfibers for 3D Scaffolds

Introduction to Tiny Cavity-Microfibers

Microfluidic techniques have enabled the precise fabrication of tiny cavity-microfibers, which are microfibers with small, controlled cavities. These fibers exhibit unique properties such as tunable morphologies, high specific surface area, and excellent cytocompatibility, making them suitable for various applications including 3D scaffolds for cell culture and dehumidification.

Applications in 3D Scaffolds and Cell Culture

Cavity-microfibers have been successfully assembled into 3D scaffolds for culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These scaffolds support good cell viability and the formation of 3D HUVEC frameworks, highlighting their potential in tissue engineering and biomaterials. The unique surface properties and flexibility of these fibers make them ideal for creating complex 3D structures that can mimic natural tissue environments.

Dehumidifying and Water Collection

In addition to their use in cell culture, cavity-microfibers demonstrate excellent dehumidifying capabilities. Their high specific surface area and hydroscopicity allow for efficient moisture absorption, making them useful in large-scale dehumidifying applications and water collection engineering.

Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Micro-Cavity Components

Enhancing Sensitivity with Micro-Cavities

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) systems have been enhanced using micro-cavity components to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity for tiny-volume sample detection. These advancements are crucial for applications in drug and cancer detection, where precise and sensitive measurements are required.

Micro-Cavity Approaches

Three general micro-cavity approaches have been introduced to achieve high sensitivity in THz-TDS systems. These methods leverage the unique properties of micro-cavities to enhance the interaction between terahertz radiation and the sample, thereby improving detection capabilities.

Optical Reference Cavities with Tunable Thermal Expansion

Design and Analysis of Tiny Optical Cavities

A transportable miniaturized optical reference cavity has been designed with a 3-cm-long structure made of ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass. This tiny cavity features specially designed compensation rings to broaden the zero-thermal-expansion temperature tuning range, allowing it to operate effectively around room temperature.

Stability and Performance

The optical reference cavity is designed to be rigidly fixed, making it insensitive to extrusion force and vibration. This stability ensures solid performance even after transportation, making it suitable for use in ultra-stable laser systems.

Cavitation in Inhomogeneous Soft Solids

Cavitation Phenomenon

Cavitation occurs when a tiny spherical cavity in a soft solid expands unboundedly under hydrostatic tension. This phenomenon is influenced by the mechanical properties of the solid, and in inhomogeneous materials, the relationship between applied tension and cavity size can vary significantly.

Analytical and Simulation Studies

Studies using analytical formulations and finite element simulations have shown that cavitation behavior in inhomogeneous soft solids can be either monotonic or non-monotonic, depending on the material properties and geometry. These findings are important for understanding cavitation in complex soft materials.

Flow Control in Cavities with Tiny Obstacles

Enhancing Mixing with Tiny Obstacles

Flow control in two-dimensional square cavities can be enhanced by placing tiny obstacles on the walls. These passive controllers alter the flow pattern, especially at higher Reynolds numbers, to improve mixing within the cavity.

Key Parameters for Flow Control

The height and arrangement of the tiny obstacles, as well as the gap between the upper wall and the obstacles, are critical parameters for effective flow control. The interaction of the main vortex with these obstacles significantly changes the flow structure, enhancing mixing efficiency.

Conclusion

Tiny cavities and microfibers have diverse applications across various fields, from 3D scaffolds and dehumidification to enhancing sensitivity in spectroscopy and improving flow control. The unique properties of these tiny structures enable innovative solutions in tissue engineering, optical systems, and material science, demonstrating their broad potential and versatility.