Tooth map
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Advances in Tooth Mapping: Techniques and Applications
Automatic Tooth Segmentation in Dental CBCT Images
Accurate segmentation of individual teeth in dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is crucial for clinical decision support and treatment planning. A novel approach using a multi-task 3D fully convolutional network (FCN) combined with marker-controlled watershed transform (MWT) has shown promising results. This method simultaneously predicts the probability of tooth regions and surfaces, allowing for effective separation and segmentation of individual teeth. The technique has demonstrated high accuracy with an average Dice similarity coefficient of 0.936 and an average symmetric surface distance of 0.363 mm, making it a reliable tool for digital orthodontics.
Tooth Morphometry Using Quasi-Conformal Theory
Tooth shape analysis is essential in fields like anthropology and forensic science. A framework utilizing quasi-conformal theory and landmark-matching Teichmüller maps has been developed to establish one-to-one correspondence between tooth surfaces. This method enables detailed statistical shape analysis and classification based on gender and ancestry. The approach has achieved higher classification accuracy compared to existing methods, revealing significant shape differences in teeth among different populations.
Computational Models of Tooth Development
Understanding the genotype-phenotype relationship in tooth development can provide insights into morphological variations. A computational model that integrates genetic and cellular interactions has been used to simulate three-dimensional tooth development. By adjusting model parameters, researchers can generate phenotypic variations and identify key factors influencing tooth shape. This model has been applied to a population sample of ringed seals, demonstrating that simple changes in developmental parameters can explain both individual and serial tooth variations.
Topographic Mapping of Tooth Crowns
A new method for generating topographic maps of tooth crowns from X-ray synchrotron microtomographic data has been developed. This technique involves creating classical topographic maps with contour lines, slope maps, and angularity maps, allowing for precise comparisons of cusp morphologies. The method has been applied to muroid rodents, revealing significant differences in cusp morphology that correlate with chewing movements. This approach provides valuable insights into the evolutionary changes in dental patterns.
Mapping Intraoral Photographs on Virtual Teeth Models
In aesthetic dentistry, accurate tooth shade matching is vital for patient satisfaction. A method has been developed to map color information from intraoral photographs onto 3D virtual teeth models. By using image-to-geometry registration, this technique allows for the creation of colored virtual models that can be manipulated in dental CAD/CAM software. This advancement facilitates better shade matching and enhances the digital workflow in aesthetic dentistry.
Chemical Mapping of Teeth Using X-Ray Fluorescence
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy has been employed to map the chemical composition of teeth in both 2D and 3D. This method can detect minute quantities of various elements, providing detailed insights into the composition of dental tissues and materials. XRF mapping has revealed micro zones of chemical heterogeneity in root canal fillings, showcasing its potential for dental materials research and the investigation of complex dental structures.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlases of Tooth Tissues
Single-cell omics has revolutionized the understanding of tooth biology by providing detailed cell landscape maps. Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from human and mouse tooth tissues have been used to create comprehensive tooth atlases. These atlases serve as powerful tools for exploring tooth development, disease, and potential new research avenues. They have identified novel transcriptional regulators and developmental connections within tooth tissues, advancing the field of dental research.
Texture and Lattice Parameter Mapping of Dental Enamel
Synchrotron X-ray diffraction has been utilized to map the texture and lattice parameters of dental enamel with high spatial resolution. This technique has revealed variations in crystallite alignment and chemical composition across the enamel, providing new insights into the structural properties of teeth. Such detailed mapping can enhance the understanding of enamel's mechanical properties and its response to various treatments.
Conclusion
The advancements in tooth mapping techniques, from automatic segmentation in CBCT images to chemical and texture mapping using X-ray fluorescence and diffraction, have significantly enhanced the understanding and analysis of dental structures. These innovative methods provide valuable tools for clinical applications, research in tooth development, and the study of morphological variations, paving the way for improved dental care and scientific discoveries.
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