Universal dark universe
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Understanding the Universal Dark Universe
The Quantum Vacuum and Dark Universe
The concept of the dark universe, encompassing both dark matter and dark energy, has been a significant focus in cosmology. One intriguing interpretation suggests that the dark universe emerges from the quantum vacuum, which de Broglie referred to as the "universal substratum." This perspective aligns the quantum vacuum in quantum field theory with current observations of dark energy and dark matter. Specifically, dark matter is proposed to arise from the QCD vacuum as a Bose-Einstein gluon condensate, with an energy density that matches observational data1.
Entropy and the Cardy-Verlinde Formula in Dark Energy Universe
The entropy of a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe filled with dark energy can be expressed in terms of energy, Casimir energy, and the equation of state parameter ( w ). This formulation is reminiscent of the 2D conformal field theory (CFT) entropy for conformal matter. Interestingly, the cosmological Cardy-Verlinde formula, which relates three typical FRW universe entropies, remains universal for any type of matter, including modified gravity scenarios. This universality suggests that black holes in modified gravity are more entropic than those in Einstein gravity, providing a new perspective on the entropy bounds in the early universe2.
Alternatives to Dark Matter
While dark matter is essential for explaining galaxy dynamics, alternative theories propose that a universal acceleration constant could make similar predictions without invoking dark matter. Recent high-quality observations of galaxies are being used to test whether this constant is indeed universal. This approach challenges the traditional dark matter paradigm and suggests that alternative explanations might be viable3 4.
The Composition of the Dark Universe
The dark universe comprises approximately 95% of the cosmos, with dark matter accounting for 26.8% and dark energy for 68.3%. Despite being inferred from stellar motions since the 1930s, the nature of dark matter remains elusive. The search for dark matter particles, such as WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), continues, but their existence has yet to be confirmed. Similarly, dark energy, which drives the universe's accelerated expansion, poses a significant challenge to our understanding. Determining whether dark energy is constant requires looking back to the universe's origins5 6 7.
Universal Rotation Curves and Dark Matter
Studies of spiral galaxies' rotation curves reveal a universal pattern dictated by luminosity. At high luminosities, there is a slight discrepancy between observed rotation curves and those predicted by luminous matter distributions, indicating a small amount of dark matter. At lower luminosities, dark matter becomes the dominant mass component. This universal rotation curve implies several scaling properties between dark and luminous matter, highlighting a tight coupling between the two in spiral galaxies8.
Supersymmetric Dark Matter
There is a consensus among astronomers that most of the universe's mass is dark, with WIMPs being a leading candidate for dark matter. The neutralino, a particle predicted by supersymmetric theories, is a well-motivated candidate. Efforts to detect WIMPs involve both direct detection in low-background laboratory detectors and indirect detection through observations of energetic neutrinos from WIMP annihilation. These detection techniques are crucial for confirming the existence of supersymmetric dark matter9.
Conclusion
The dark universe remains one of the most profound mysteries in cosmology. From the quantum vacuum origins of dark matter to the universal properties of galaxy rotation curves, and the ongoing search for WIMPs, each study brings us closer to understanding this enigmatic component of our universe. As research continues, new physics may emerge, forever altering our cosmic view.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
The de Broglie universal substratum, the Lochak monopoles and the dark universe
The dark universe, including dark matter and dark energy, can be interpreted as emerging from the quantum vacuum, as a Bose-Einstein gluon condensate, with an energy density consistent with observation.
Entropy and universality of Cardy-Verlinde formula in dark energy universe
The Cardy-Verlinde formula remains universal for any type of matter in a dark energy universe, with black holes being more entropic than in Einstein gravity.
Highly CitedIs there a universal alternative to dark matter?
This paper investigates whether a universal acceleration constant can be used to describe galaxy dynamics without dark matter, and if it is, it could potentially replace dark matter in galaxy dynamics.
Is there a universal alternative to dark matter
This paper investigates whether a universal acceleration constant can accurately describe galaxy dynamics without dark matter, using high-quality observations of galaxies.
The dark universe
The dark universe, composed of 26.8% dark matter and 68.3% dark energy, remains a mystery, and the next generation of physicists must explore new methods to understand its mysteries.
Rigorous JournalThe Universal Rotation Curve of Spiral Galaxies: I. the Dark Matter Connection
The Universal Rotation Curve of spiral galaxies reveals a tight coupling between dark and luminous matter, with a slight discrepancy at high luminosities suggesting a small amount of dark matter.
Highly CitedSupersymmetric Dark Matter
Supersymmetric dark matter theories suggest the neutralino as the most promising candidate for detection, with potential implications for understanding the universe and its dark matter content.
Highly CitedDark energy and universal antigravitation
Dark energy, accounting for 70-80% of the universe's mass and energy, causes cosmic repulsion between distant galaxies, leading to the accelerating expansion of the universe.
Highly Cited