Low velocity impact analysis on CFRP

Introduction

Low-velocity impact analysis on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is crucial for understanding the material's behavior under impact conditions, which can lead to damage that is often not visible but can significantly affect the structural integrity. This synthesis aims to consolidate findings from various research papers to provide a comprehensive understanding of the low-velocity impact behavior of CFRP.

Key Insights

Damage Mechanisms and Failure Modes:
- CFRP laminates under low-velocity impact typically exhibit damage modes such as fiber breakage, matrix cracking, and delamination .
- The damage initiation can occur as top surface contact failure in short thick targets and lower surface flexural failure in long thin laminates.
Impact Response and Damage Prediction:
- Numerical models, including finite element methods, have been developed to predict the impact response and damage extent in CFRP laminates, showing good agreement with experimental results .
- Analytical models, such as Olsson's model, have been adapted to estimate critical loads for delamination onset and load-displacement curves, demonstrating accuracy when compared with experimental data .
Influence of Geometrical and Material Parameters:
- The geometry of the specimen, such as thickness and shape, significantly influences the impact response and damage development in CFRP laminates .
- Parameters like impactor diameter, impact energy, and CFRP thickness play crucial roles in determining the extent of damage and the energy absorption capacity of the material .
Impact Localization and Detection:
- Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors combined with algorithms like Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Back Propagation (BP) neural networks have been effective in localizing impact areas on CFRP structures with high accuracy .
Repeated Impact Behavior:
- Repeated low-velocity impacts lead to progressive damage accumulation, primarily affecting the stiffness and resulting in increased peak force and impact time in subsequent impacts.

Conclusion

The research on low-velocity impact analysis of CFRP highlights several critical aspects: the primary damage mechanisms include fiber breakage, matrix cracking, and delamination; numerical and analytical models are effective in predicting impact response and damage; geometrical and material parameters significantly influence the impact behavior; and advanced sensor technologies can accurately localize impact areas. Understanding these factors is essential for improving the design and maintenance of CFRP structures to enhance their impact resistance and longevity.

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Low velocity impact analysis on CFRP

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

An insight into the low-velocity impact behavior of patch-repaired CFRP laminates using numerical and experimental approaches

Patch-repaired CFRP laminates show good low-velocity impact resistance, with optimal design based on the results of low-velocity impact simulation and experimental measurements.

Geometrical effects in the low velocity impact response of CFRP

CFRP laminates' low velocity impact response is influenced by specimen geometry, with damage initiation influenced by top surface contact failure in short thick laminates and lower surface flexural failure in long thin laminates.

Analytical model of the dynamic behaviour of CFRP plates subjected to low-velocity impacts

The developed new model accurately predicts mechanical behavior of CFRP plates under low-velocity impacts, improving upon the Olsson's model.

Numerical investigation on low-velocity impact response of CFRP wraps in presence of concrete substrate

CFRP wraps for retrofitting reinforced concrete columns can withstand low-velocity impacts, with a damage threshold load associated with a prescribed impactor shape.

Low Velocity Impact Localization on CFRP Based on FBG Sensors and ELM Algorithm

The proposed low velocity impact area localization system using FBG sensors and ELM algorithm accurately localizes low velocity impacts on CFRP structures with a 96.9% accuracy.

In-plane compression response of woven CFRP composite after low-velocity impact: Modelling and experiment

A finite element model accurately predicts low-velocity impact and compression-after-impact behavior of woven CFRP composites, with three failure modes identified: fibre breakage, matrix cracking, and delamination.

High fidelity simulation of low velocity impact behavior of CFRP laminate

The proposed finite element model accurately simulates low velocity impact damage in CFRP laminate, demonstrating good agreement with experimental results and delamination shape and size.

Numerical study on the dynamic progressive failure due to low-velocity repeated impacts in thin CFRP laminated composite plates

CFRP plates can withstand repeated low-velocity impacts, with most intra-laminar and interlaminar damage occurring in the initial few impacts.

Localization of low velocity impacts on CFRP laminates based on FBG sensors and BP neural networks

This study successfully localizes low-speed impacts on CFRP laminates using FBG sensors and BP neural networks, with an average error of 2.1 cm.

Analytical Model to Describe Damage in CFRP Specimen When Subjected to Low Velocity Impacts

The Olsson's analytical model accurately predicts mechanical behavior of CFRP specimens subjected to low-velocity impacts, aiding in safety enhancement.

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