Vitamin d fortification in orange juice
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Vitamin D Fortification in Orange Juice: Bioavailability and Effectiveness
Bioavailability of Vitamin D in Orange Juice
Research shows that vitamin D, whether in the form of D2 or D3, is well absorbed when added to orange juice. Studies comparing vitamin D-fortified orange juice to vitamin D supplements found no significant difference in how much vitamin D the body absorbs from either source. Both vitamin D2 and D3, when added to orange juice, are as effective as capsules in raising blood vitamin D levels in adults, making orange juice a reliable vehicle for vitamin D fortification Tangpricha2003Biancuzzo2010Neyestani2014.
Impact on Vitamin D Status and Health Markers
Consuming orange juice fortified with vitamin D3 (at doses of 1000 IU per 240 mL) for 12 weeks significantly increases blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the main marker of vitamin D status. This increase is accompanied by a decrease in parathyroid hormone, which is beneficial for bone health . Similar results are seen in children, where fortified orange juice raises vitamin D levels, though supplements may have a slightly stronger effect .
Additional Health Benefits of Fortified Orange Juice
Recent studies have explored the effects of orange juice enriched with vitamin D3 and other bioactive ingredients, such as probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids. In adults at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases, drinking orange juice fortified with vitamin D3 and probiotics for two months led to weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity, lower blood pressure, and better cholesterol profiles . Another study found that a snack including vitamin D3-enriched orange juice increased feelings of fullness and reduced calorie intake, especially in overweight individuals .
Effects on Body Fat and Visceral Adipose Tissue
Fortifying orange juice with both calcium and vitamin D has been shown to help reduce abdominal visceral fat in overweight and obese adults, even when overall weight loss is similar to those drinking unfortified juice. This suggests a specific benefit of vitamin D (and calcium) fortification for reducing harmful fat around the organs .
Stability and Sensory Qualities of Fortified Orange Juice
Innovative methods, such as using pea protein nanoemulsions, have been developed to stabilize vitamin D in orange juice and other foods. These methods protect vitamin D from breaking down and do not significantly affect the taste or appearance of the juice, making them promising for large-scale fortification efforts .
Population Impact and Acceptance
Vitamin D-fortified orange juice is especially valuable for people who cannot consume dairy due to allergies or lactose intolerance. In some populations, such as Arab-American women, drinking fortified orange juice was linked to higher vitamin D levels compared to those who did not consume fortified foods or supplements . Fortified orange juice is also recognized as a good source of vitamin D in public health materials .
Conclusion
Vitamin D fortification in orange juice is an effective, safe, and well-accepted strategy to improve vitamin D status in both adults and children. It offers a practical alternative for those who avoid dairy and can provide additional health benefits, such as improved metabolic markers and reduced visceral fat. Advances in fortification technology further support its use as a public health measure to address widespread vitamin D deficiency Tangpricha2003Biancuzzo2010Papakonstantinou2024+6 MORE.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D: a novel approach for enhancing vitamin D nutritional health.
Orange juice fortification with 1000 IU vitamin D3 for 12 weeks safely increased serum 25(OH)D(3) concentrations in adults without affecting vitamin D bioavailability.
Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D(2) or vitamin D(3) is as effective as an oral supplement in maintaining vitamin D status in adults.
Vitamin D(2) and vitamin D(3) are equally bioavailable in orange juice and capsules, making them equally effective for maintaining vitamin D status in adults.
Short-Term Effects of a Snack Including Fruit Juice Enriched with Vitamin D3, n-3 Fatty Acids, and Probiotics on Energy Intake and Satiety in Normal-Weight and Overweight Individuals
A snack containing orange fruit juice enriched with vitamin D3, n-3 fatty acids, and probiotics promotes satiety and reduces total energy intake, particularly in overweight individuals.
Calcium and vitamin D supplementation is associated with decreased abdominal visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese adults.
Calcium and vitamin D supplementation in orange juice contributes to a beneficial reduction of abdominal visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese adults.
Pea Protein Nanoemulsion Effectively Stabilizes Vitamin D in Food Products: A Potential Supplementation during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Pea protein nanoemulsion effectively stabilizes vitamin D in food products, offering a green and safe method for fortification during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Severe vitamin D deficiency in Arab-American women living in Dearborn, Michigan.
Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in Arab-American women living in Dearborn, Michigan, with vitamin D-fortified orange juice having a greater positive predictive effect than milk or vitamin pills.
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Strategic food vehicles for vitamin D fortification and effects on vitamin D status: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Vitamin D fortification in various animal- and plant-based food vehicles significantly improves circulating 25(OH)D concentrations, with the exception of UV-mushrooms.
Calcium-vitamin D-fortified milk is as effective on circulating bone biomarkers as fortified juice and supplement but has less acceptance: a randomised controlled school-based trial.
Calcium-vitamin D-fortified milk is as effective in raising serum 25(OH)D levels as fortified orange juice and supplementation, but supplementation does not provide additional benefits in terms of osteocalcin and intact parathyroid hormone compared to fortified or plain milk.
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