Water retention tablets
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Water Retention Tablets: Mechanisms and Applications
Introduction to Water Retention Tablets
Water retention tablets are used for various purposes, including medical treatments and agricultural applications. These tablets can help manage hydration levels in the human body or improve soil moisture retention in agriculture. This article explores the mechanisms and applications of water retention tablets, drawing insights from recent research.
Agricultural Water Retention Agents: Hydrogels
Borax Crosslinked Fenugreek Galactomannan Hydrogel
Recent studies have focused on developing hydrogels as water-retaining agents in agriculture. One such hydrogel is the borax crosslinked fenugreek galactomannan-borax hydrogel (FGB). This hydrogel has shown a significant increase in the water absorption capacity of sandy soil, enhancing the soil's swelling index from 16.28% to 35.53% with just 0.5 wt.% hydrogel added. Additionally, the water retention time in soil increased from 2 to 11.5 days at 20°C and 60% humidity, demonstrating the hydrogel's potential for soil water conservation1.
Amphiphatic Carboxymethyl-Hexanoyl Chitosan Hydrogel
Another innovative hydrogel is the carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan (NOCHC) hydrogel. This hydrogel exhibits excellent water-absorption and water-retention abilities under neutral conditions. The presence of hydrophobic hexanoyl groups in the hydrogel significantly enhances its water-retention capacity by retarding water mobility during deswelling. This makes NOCHC a promising candidate for applications requiring sustained moisture retention3.
Medical Applications: Water Retention and Hyponatremia
Chlorpropamide and Vasopressin Receptors
Chlorpropamide (CP), a sulfonylurea used to treat non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, has been found to potentiate the antidiuretic action of arginine vasopressin (AVP). This action is associated with an increase in renal papillary AVP V2-receptors, leading to enhanced water retention. Studies have shown that CP treatment significantly increases the density of AVP V2 receptors without altering plasma AVP levels, resulting in impaired water excretion and potential hyponatremia2.
Drug-Induced Dilutional Hyponatremia
Several pharmacologic agents have been identified to cause water retention, leading to dilutional hyponatremia. This condition arises when the body's water balance is disrupted, often due to the antidiuretic effects of certain drugs. It is crucial for the medical community to be aware of these effects to prevent and manage potential complications in patients5.
Fluid Retention in Post-Exercise Recovery
Carbohydrate Influence on Fluid Retention
In the context of post-exercise recovery, the role of carbohydrates in fluid retention has been investigated. Studies have shown that beverages containing carbohydrates significantly enhance fluid retention compared to plain water or electrolyte solutions. Specifically, a 12% carbohydrate solution demonstrated the highest fluid retention rate of 82.4%, indicating that carbohydrates can mildly influence fluid retention during recovery from exercise-induced dehydration4.
Conclusion
Water retention tablets and agents play a crucial role in both agricultural and medical fields. Hydrogels like FGB and NOCHC offer promising solutions for soil moisture conservation, while medications like chlorpropamide highlight the importance of understanding drug-induced water retention mechanisms. Additionally, the role of carbohydrates in enhancing fluid retention post-exercise underscores the multifaceted applications of water retention strategies. Continued research and development in this area will further optimize these applications for better health and agricultural outcomes.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
Borax crosslinked fenugreek galactomannan hydrogel as potential water-retaining agent in agriculture.
Borax crosslinked fenugreek galactomannan-borax hydrogel (FGB) significantly increases the water retention capacity of sandy soil, offering a low-cost, environmentally friendly solution for soil water conservation in agriculture.
Highly CitedWater retention after oral chlorpropamide is associated with an increase in renal papillary arginine vasopressin receptors.
Oral chlorpropamide increases the density of renal papillary arginine vasopressin receptors, leading to impaired water excretion without altering plasma arginine vasopressin levels.
RCT
Animal StudySynthesis and characterization of amphiphatic carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan hydrogel: water-retention ability and drug encapsulation.
The NOCHC amphiphatic hydrogel demonstrates enhanced water-absorption, water-retention, and drug encapsulation efficiency compared to NOCC and chitosan, offering potential for medical applications.
Highly CitedCarbohydrate exerts a mild influence on fluid retention following exercise-induced dehydration.
Carbohydrate beverages with electrolytes significantly increase fluid retention after exercise-induced dehydration, but no significant differences were found between the tested levels.
RCTHighly CitedDrug-induced dilutional hyponatremia.
Water-retaining drugs can cause serious water retention and dilutional hyponatremia, affecting the maintenance of water balance in humans.
Highly CitedComparison of Sodium Chloride Tablets–Induced, Sodium Chloride Solution–Induced, and Glycerol-Induced Hyperhydration on Fluid Balance Responses in Healthy Men
NaCl-TabIH and glycerol-induced hyperhydration are equally effective but inferior to NaCl-SolIH, offering an alternative to glycerol, which is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency.
Non-RCTCellulose ethers and water retention
Cellulose ethers enhance water retention in cement paste by affecting rheological properties and polymer coil associates, with water retention below overlapping concentration mainly driven by rheological properties and above by polymer coil associates jamming cement grains.
Highly CitedTransparent hydrogel with enhanced water retention capacity by introducing highly hydratable salt
Introducing highly hydratable salts into polyacrylamide hydrogels enhances their water retention capacity, making them suitable for flexible electronics applications.
Highly CitedA Sodium Drink Enhances Fluid Retention During 3 Hours of Post-Exercise Recovery When Ingested With a Standard Meal.
A 50 mmol/L NaCl solution enhances fluid retention during post-exercise recovery compared to water, even when a meal is consumed.
Non-RCT