Pakistan faces a serious water crisis due to factors such as climate change, population growth, poor irrigation systems, political will, and urbanization, requiring urgent policy measures to improve water management.

Water Scarcity and Sustainability in an Emerging Economy: A Management Perspective for Future

The global water crisis can be categorized into six syndromes, with demand changes, supply changes, governance systems, and infrastructure/technology being key factors.

The nature and causes of the global water crisis: Syndromes from a meta‐analysis of coupled human‐water studies

Adaptive responses to water scarcity in Africa need coordination, technology planning, climate change literacy, and indigenous knowledge integration to address challenges and improve livelihoods.

Understanding responses to climate-related water scarcity in Africa.

The 2014-2015 Sao Paulo water crisis was exacerbated by inequities in city water infrastructure and residents' diverse abilities to store water in small-scale reservoirs, disproportionately impacting urban periphery residents.

Producing water scarcity in São Paulo, Brazil: The 2014-2015 water crisis and the binding politics of infrastructure

The Special Issue highlights the need for sustainable and secure water supply through advanced technological solutions and alternative resources, addressing environmental and health issues and reducing conflicts among water users.

Water Supply and Water Scarcity

Two-thirds of the global population (4.0 billion people) experience severe water scarcity at least one month per year, with half a billion facing it all year round.

Four billion people facing severe water scarcity

Water scarcity can have both positive and negative economic impacts on major hydrologic basins, with market adaptation magnifying economic uncertainty relative to hydrologic uncertainty.

Evaluating the economic impact of water scarcity in a changing world

Southern Pakistan faces the worst droughts in the past 50 years, with 45% precipitation deficit in 2017-2020, and future changes in water scarcity are projected to intensify under the SSP2-RCP8.5 scenario.

Recent and projected changes in water scarcity and unprecedented drought events over Southern Pakistan

Urban water scarcity is projected to increase from 933 million in 2016 to 1.693-2.373 billion by 2050, with India facing the most severe water-scarce urban population growth.

Future global urban water scarcity and potential solutions

Water scarcity has increased globally, with nearly all sub-national trajectories showing an increasing trend, and measures are needed to alleviate it and increase sustainability.

The world’s road to water scarcity: shortage and stress in the 20th century and pathways towards sustainability

The global water crisis can be addressed through improved management, technology, and a valuation of water's importance to society.

Water: Is There a Global Crisis?

The perception of Africa's water crisis as a permanent one is challenged by water professionals, with some suggesting better water management could control physical scarcity and reduce the need for international aid.

Water crisis in Africa: myth or reality?

Under climate change scenarios, water scarcity in the Yellow River Basin will increase from 39.9% to 44.7%, with high dependency on water-use patterns and increased pressure from human activities.

Water scarcity in the Yellow River Basin under future climate change and human activities.

Water scarcity assessments have progressed, but incorporating green water, water quality, environmental flow requirements, globalization, and virtual water trade are crucial for capturing its multifaceted nature and addressing challenges.

Water scarcity assessments in the past, present, and future

Water scarcity poses a growing threat to global economy, society, and survival, with pollution and improper management leading to increased costs and unaffordability for most people.

Water Scarcity- Challenging the Future

India faces acute drinking water scarcity due to poor management, but conservation measures in various fields are hoped to overcome this issue.

The Fight Against Water Scarcity

Kenya has a water scarcity problem, with a current supply of 97.5% of freshwater being unusable due to climate change and other factors.

Water Scarcity in Kenya: Current Status, Challenges and Future Solutions

Water scarcity is mainly caused by anthropogenic activities, with measures needed to reduce its harmful effects and promote sustainable development of ecosystems.

Global Challenge of Water Crisis

Water scarcity in India is a major issue, with the country facing a water crisis and a shortage of water for its population by 2020.

Water scarcity and right to water in India: an overview

Sustainable irrigation of economically water scarce croplands could feed an additional 840 million people and prevent further aggravation of blue water scarcity.

Global agricultural economic water scarcity

These studies suggest that water scarcity is a global crisis driven by climate change, population growth, poor infrastructure, and governance issues, requiring urgent and coordinated policy measures, technological solutions, and sustainable management practices.