Wbc laboratory test
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White Blood Cell (WBC) Laboratory Test: Innovations and Applications
Introduction to White Blood Cell (WBC) Testing
White blood cell (WBC) counts are critical for diagnosing and monitoring various health conditions, including infections, immune disorders, and hematological diseases. Traditional WBC testing methods often require bulky equipment and trained personnel, making them less accessible for frequent monitoring, especially in resource-limited settings1 2 3.
Point-of-Care WBC Testing Devices
Athelas One: Home Monitoring Device
The Athelas One is a novel point-of-care hematology analyzer designed for home use. It utilizes a small cylindrical device with a built-in light microscope to analyze a drop of blood from a finger stick. The device has shown strong linearity and comparability with standard laboratory counters, making it suitable for patients needing frequent monitoring, such as those undergoing chemotherapy1.
Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Sensor
A smartphone-based electrochemical sensor for WBC counting has been developed, utilizing microporous paper with patterned gold microelectrodes. This device allows for rapid, low-cost WBC analysis by measuring ion diffusion blockage caused by trapped WBCs. It provides results within one minute, making it ideal for point-of-care testing in resource-limited settings2.
LeukoScope: Low-Cost Point-of-Care Device
The LeukoScope is another innovative device designed for low-cost, point-of-care WBC and neutrophil counts. It uses a portable fluorescence microscope to analyze a blood sample stained with acridine orange. The device has demonstrated accuracy comparable to traditional laboratory methods, making it a viable option for use in low-resource settings7.
Advances in WBC Counting Techniques
Machine Learning and AI-Enabled Devices
Recent advancements include the use of machine learning and AI in WBC counting. For instance, an AI-enabled diagnostic device developed by Truvian incorporates high-throughput cell imaging and deep learning algorithms to perform a complete blood count (CBC) with differential. This device offers accurate and precise CBC analysis at the point of care, enhancing diagnostic capabilities5.
Label-Free Identification Using Machine Learning
A label-free approach using imaging flow cytometry and machine learning algorithms has been developed to classify live, unstained WBCs. This method minimizes cell disturbance and achieves high accuracy, making it a promising tool for liquid biopsy and other diagnostic applications4.
Clinical Applications and Validation
Pediatric Emergency Department
Point-of-care tests for WBC count and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been validated in pediatric emergency departments. These tests showed good agreement with laboratory methods, proving to be feasible and accurate for assessing febrile children8.
Paper-Based Cytometers
Paper-based cytometers using materials like coffee filters have been developed for the detection and enumeration of WBCs according to their immunophenotype. These devices offer a low-cost, point-of-care solution for WBC analysis, expanding the opportunities for accessible diagnostics9.
Conclusion
Innovations in WBC testing, including point-of-care devices and advanced counting techniques, are making WBC analysis more accessible, accurate, and cost-effective. These advancements hold significant potential for improving patient care, particularly in resource-limited settings and for individuals requiring frequent monitoring.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
A Novel Device Suitable for Home Monitoring of White Blood Cell and Neutrophil Counts
The Athelas One is a small, accurate device suitable for home monitoring of white blood cell and neutrophil counts, offering a cost-effective alternative to hospital monitoring.
White blood cell counting on smartphone paper electrochemical sensor.
The smartphone paper electrochemical sensor provides rapid and low-cost white blood cell analysis for point-of-care diagnosis and disease management in resource-limited conditions.
Highly CitedNeutrophil left shift and white blood cell count as markers of bacterial infection.
Time-series data of neutrophil left shift and white blood cell count accurately reflects real-time neutrophil consumption during bacterial infections, providing a more accurate evaluation of patient condition.
Highly CitedLabel‐Free Identification of White Blood Cells Using Machine Learning
This label-free approach using an imaging flow cytometer and machine learning algorithms accurately identifies live, unstained white blood cells, minimizing cell disturbance and allowing for liquid biopsy applications.
Highly CitedAdvancing Hematological Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Development and Multi-Site Evaluation of a Novel AI-Enabled Diagnostic Device for CBC Analysis with Differential
The AI-enabled CBC device accurately differentiates white blood cells into three main categories, improving point-of-care diagnostics.
White blood cell (WBC) counting analysis in blood smear images using various color segmentation methods
Using S color component of HSV and nucleus-based detection for white blood cell counting in blood smear images provides the highest segmentation accuracy and 96.56% counting accuracy.
Highly CitedClinical training and validation of the LeukoScope: a low-cost, point-of-care device to perform white blood cell and neutrophil counts
The LeukoScope is a low-cost, point-of-care device that accurately measures white blood cell and neutrophil counts from a single drop of blood, making it suitable for low-resource settings.
Accuracy and Feasibility of Point-Of-Care White Blood Cell Count and C-Reactive Protein Measurements at the Pediatric Emergency Department
POC tests are feasible and relatively accurate methods for assessing CRP level and WBC count in febrile children at the pediatric emergency department.
Observational Study
Rigorous JournalPaper-Based Cytometer for the Detection and Enumeration of White Blood Cells According to Their Immunophenotype.
A coffee filter-based cytometer can detect and enumerate white blood cells according to their immunophenotype, potentially expanding the possibilities for low-cost, point-of-care cytometers.
Reliability of white blood cell counting.
The Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program in Ontario, Canada, has successfully improved white blood cell count reliability and precision, with 96% of participants achieving results within +/- 10% of an all-methods mean and 77% within +/- 5%.
Observational Study