Wbc of 3.4
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Understanding White Blood Cell Count (WBC) of 3.4
Normal WBC Range and Determinants
White blood cell count (WBC) is a critical biomarker used to assess inflammation and overall immune function. The normal range for WBC can vary based on several factors, including gender, smoking status, and ethnicity. A study conducted on a large Israeli sample found that the reference range for WBC in men is 3.6-9.9 x10^3/µL and for women is 3.4-10.0 x10^3/µL1. This indicates that a WBC of 3.4 x10^3/µL falls at the lower end of the normal range for women but is below the normal range for men.
Impact of Smoking and Other Factors
The same study highlighted that smoking status significantly affects WBC levels. Current smokers had higher WBC counts compared to non-smokers and past smokers, with reference ranges for smoking men and women being 3.6-11.5 x10^3/µL and 3.6-11.2 x10^3/µL, respectively1. Other determinants that influence WBC include hemoglobin levels, triglycerides, and body mass index (BMI), all of which were found to have a significant impact on WBC counts (P < 0.001)1.
Ethnic Variations in WBC Counts
Ethnicity also plays a crucial role in determining normal WBC ranges. Research has shown that healthy African Americans typically have lower WBC and absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) compared to European Americans. For instance, the reference range for adult non-Hispanic Black males is 3.1-9.9 x10^9/L, while for non-Hispanic Black females, it is 3.4-11 x10^9/L2. These ranges are significantly lower than those for non-Hispanic Whites and Mexican Americans, underscoring the need for race-specific reference intervals in clinical settings2.
Clinical Implications of a WBC of 3.4
A WBC of 3.4 x10^3/µL, while within the normal range for some populations, may warrant further investigation depending on the individual's gender, smoking status, and ethnic background. For women and certain ethnic groups, this count might be considered normal, but for men and other populations, it could be indicative of an underlying issue that requires medical attention.
Conclusion
In summary, a WBC of 3.4 x10^3/µL can be within the normal range for some individuals but may be low for others. Factors such as gender, smoking status, and ethnicity significantly influence what is considered a normal WBC count. Understanding these determinants is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective clinical management.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Range and determinants of white blood cell count in a large survey of Israelis without inflammation.
New limits of normal white blood cell count values have been established in apparently healthy individuals without significant inflammation, potentially aiding in risk stratification for atherothrombosis.
Observational StudyRace‐specific WBC and neutrophil count reference intervals
Race-specific reference intervals for white blood cell and absolute neutrophil counts are needed for proper diagnosis and clinical research in areas with significant African American populations.
Observational Study
Highly CitedWhite blood cell count and long term mortality after non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome treated with very early revascularisation
Higher white blood cell count is a strong independent predictor of short and long term mortality in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome treated with very early revascularisation.
Observational StudyAssociation Between White Blood Cell Count, Epicardial Blood Flow, Myocardial Perfusion, and Clinical Outcomes in the Setting of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 10 Substudy
Elevated white blood cell counts during acute myocardial infarction are associated with reduced epicardial blood flow, myocardial perfusion, thromboresistance, and a higher incidence of new congestive heart failure and death.
Observational StudyHighly CitedMultiple Loci Are Associated with White Blood Cell Phenotypes
Multiple genomic loci are associated with white blood cell count and subtypes, revealing functional relationships across cell types and diverse ancestral backgrounds.
Meta-AnalysisHighly CitedLarge-Scale Exome-wide Association Analysis Identifies Loci for White Blood Cell Traits and Pleiotropy with Immune-Mediated Diseases.
16 common genetic variants are associated with white blood cell traits and autoimmune diseases, suggesting a shared genetic architecture with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Meta-Analysis
Rigorous JournalAssociation of white blood cell count with increased mortality in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris. OPUS-TIMI 16 Investigators.
A white blood cell count of > 10,000 is associated with increased 30-day and 10-month mortality in acute coronary syndromes.
Observational StudyWhite blood cell (WBC) counting analysis in blood smear images using various color segmentation methods
Using S color component of HSV and nucleus-based detection for white blood cell counting in blood smear images provides the highest segmentation accuracy and 96.56% counting accuracy.
Highly CitedWBC-Net: A white blood cell segmentation network based on UNet++ and ResNet
WBC-Net, a deep learning network based on UNet++ and ResNet, improves white blood cell segmentation accuracy in blood smear images compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Highly CitedThe association of total and differential white blood cell count with metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients.
Higher white blood cell count may be linked to an increased number of components of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients.
Observational StudyHighly Cited