Why do we have to wear sunscreen?
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The Importance of Wearing Sunscreen
Protection Against UV Radiation
Wearing sunscreen is crucial for protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation from the sun can cause a range of skin issues, including sunburn, pigmentation, wrinkles, dermatitis, urticaria, premature aging, immune suppression, and various types of skin cancers . Sunscreens provide a convenient and effective means of protection against these health hazards, especially when sun-protective clothing and sunglasses are insufficient.
Prevention of Skin Cancer
Sunscreen use is a key component in preventing skin cancer. It helps reduce the risk of developing precancerous solar keratosis and the recurrence of squamous cell carcinomas. Early and regular use of sunscreen can also be important in preventing basal cell carcinomas. Broad-spectrum sunscreens, which protect against both UVB and UVA radiation, are particularly effective in reducing the risk of skin cancer.
Broad-Spectrum Protection
Most sunscreens combine chemical UV-absorbing ingredients and physical inorganic ingredients to provide broad-spectrum protection. Newer formulations, such as those based on triazole and camphor derivatives, offer broad-spectrum protection and are more cosmetically acceptable than traditional agents. These formulations rarely cause allergic or photoallergic reactions, making them suitable for regular use.
Environmental Considerations
While sunscreens are essential for protecting human health, there are concerns about their environmental impact. Common organic UV filters, such as oxybenzone and octocrylene, have been found in water sources worldwide and are not easily removed by wastewater treatment plants. These filters can contribute to coral reef bleaching and have been detected in various species of fish, potentially affecting the food chain. Therefore, it is important to use sunscreens responsibly and consider their environmental impact.
Sunscreen Use and Sun Exposure Behavior
Sunscreen use can sometimes lead to longer durations of intentional sun exposure, especially among individuals seeking a tan. This paradoxically increases the risk of sunburn and potentially skin cancer due to greater natural sun sensitivity. However, when sun exposure is not intentional, sunscreen use does not increase the time spent in the sun. It is important to combine sunscreen use with other sun protection measures, such as avoiding midday sun and wearing protective clothing and glasses.
Indoor Use of Sunscreen
There is some debate about the necessity of wearing sunscreen indoors. While some dermatologists recommend applying sunscreen indoors due to the penetration of UVA through window glass, the actual level of UVA exposure indoors is significantly lower than outdoors. Therefore, the need for indoor sunscreen use may be limited to specific circumstances, such as for individuals spending extended periods in unshielded glasshouses.
Conclusion
Wearing sunscreen is essential for protecting the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation, preventing skin cancer, and reducing the risk of sunburn and premature aging. While it is important to use sunscreens responsibly to minimize environmental impact, combining sunscreen use with other sun protection measures can provide comprehensive protection against the sun's harmful effects.
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