Weed capsules
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Weed Capsules: Applications and Efficacy
Stem-Implanted Herbicide Capsules for Woody Weeds
Chinese Elm Control with Herbicide Capsules
Chinese elm (Celtis sinensis Pers.) is a problematic weed in eastern Australia, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas where traditional herbicide methods can harm non-target species. A novel approach using stem-implanted herbicide capsules has shown promise in controlling this invasive species. In a study involving 315 Chinese elm plants, encapsulated herbicides such as glyphosate, aminopyralid, metsulfuron-methyl, and picloram were used. These capsules were effective in significantly reducing plant vigor and canopy function, with a high incidence of mortality observed within three weeks of treatment. This method minimizes environmental exposure and collateral damage to native species by sealing the herbicide within the plant's vascular system.
Bioherbicide Capsules for Parkinsonia Control
In Northern Australia, an infestation of Parkinsonia aculeata was managed using bioherbicide capsules containing endemic fungi. This method, which involves mechanically implanting the capsules into the plant stems, led to a significant decline in infestation vigor and prevented seedbank recruitment. This approach represents a successful large-scale application of bioherbicide capsules for woody weed management.
Cannabis Capsules for Medical Applications
Cannabis Capsules for Cancer-Related Cachexia and Anorexia
Cannabis capsules have been explored for their potential to alleviate cancer-related cachexia and anorexia syndrome (CACS). In a pilot study, dosage-controlled capsules containing THC and CBD were administered to advanced cancer patients. Results indicated that 17.6% of patients experienced a weight increase of at least 10%, with improvements in appetite, mood, pain, and fatigue reported. These findings suggest that cannabis capsules could be beneficial for managing CACS, warranting further research.
Sustained-Release Cannabis Capsules for Spasticity in MS
A study on multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with spasticity investigated the efficacy of sustained-release (SR) cannabis extract capsules. These capsules, containing THC and CBD, showed trends towards reducing spasm frequency and improving mobility. Although the differences were not statistically significant, the results were promising, indicating potential benefits with tolerable side effects.
Pharmacokinetics of THC Capsules
The pharmacokinetic parameters of THC capsules can be influenced by food intake and sex differences. A study found that consuming a high-fat meal before taking THC capsules significantly enhanced the time to peak plasma concentration and overall bioavailability. Additionally, females exhibited higher peak plasma concentrations compared to males in a fasted state. These findings are crucial for optimizing dosing guidelines and improving therapeutic outcomes.
Microencapsulation of Cannabis Extracts
Chitosan-Coated Alginate Microcapsules
Microencapsulation techniques have been developed to enhance the stability and bioaccessibility of cannabis extracts. Chitosan-coated alginate microcapsules containing a full-spectrum cannabis extract demonstrated good long-term stability when stored at 4°C in darkness. In vitro studies showed a fast intestinal release of cannabinoids, ensuring medium-high bioaccessibility. This method holds potential for creating effective oral cannabis formulations.
Conclusion
Weed capsules, whether for herbicide delivery or medical cannabis applications, offer targeted and efficient solutions. Stem-implanted herbicide capsules provide a controlled method for managing invasive woody weeds with minimal environmental impact. In the medical field, cannabis capsules show promise in treating conditions like CACS and MS-related spasticity, with ongoing research needed to optimize their use. Microencapsulation further enhances the stability and bioavailability of cannabis extracts, paving the way for advanced therapeutic formulations.
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