Archaeological dating problems require a Bayesian approach, as maximum likelihood techniques are inadequate for addressing uncertainty in artifact radiocarbon dates and archaeological phase dates.

An Archaeological Inference Problem

Archaeologists use physics-based techniques to locate buried features, determine age, and identify raw materials and manufacturing techniques in ancient artifacts.

The impact of the natural sciences on archaeology

Artifact3-D is a new software package that provides accurate, objective, and efficient 3D analysis and documentation of archaeological artifacts, aiding modern archaeology in addressing abundant material found during excavations.

Artifact3-D: New software for accurate, objective and efficient 3D analysis and documentation of archaeological artifacts

Archaeological chemistry can be used to address preservation, dating, nativity, exchange, provenance, and manufacturing technology questions, benefiting chemists, archaeologists, geologists, and related disciplines.

Archaeological chemistry : analytical techniques and archaeological interpretation

Using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date lithic surface artifacts in Tibet, we can constrain human presence on the south-central Tibetan plateau as early as 5.2-5.5 thousand years ago.

Direct dating of lithic surface artifacts using luminescence

Direct analyses of digital images and 3D scans using geometric morphometric methods or machine-learning procedures can improve and extend the scope of archaeological artifact group assessments.

The quantitative assessment of archaeological artifact groups: Beyond geometric morphometrics

Semi-supervised machine learning algorithms can predict the chronology of archaeological sites, surpassing traditional methods, with a 49-66-year average absolute error for temples in Angkor, Cambodia.

Semi-supervised machine learning approaches for predicting the chronology of archaeological sites: A case study of temples from medieval Angkor, Cambodia

The prominent field approach enhances archaeological artifacts' surface and removes scanning noise, improving their suitability for further analysis and reporting.

Prominent Field for Shape Processing and Analysis of Archaeological Artifacts

Geo-ethnoarchaeology, a holistic middle-range methodology, has advanced archaeological formation theory and understanding, allowing more reliable interpretation of spatial and temporal patterns at sites.

Archaeological formation theory and geoarchaeology: State-of-the-art in 2016

Stone artifact replication experiments play a crucial role in testing hypotheses, modeling stone-tool technology, and validating analytical methods in hypothesis-driven archaeology.

Test, Model, and Method Validation: The Role of Experimental Stone Artifact Replication in Hypothesis-driven Archaeology

Archaeological science has advanced in recent years, but data management, ethics, and stakeholder involvement remain crucial for its continued growth and acceptance in mainstream archaeology.

Current developments and future directions in archaeological science

Archeology cannot confirm or refute the traditional chronological scheme for cultural artifacts, as it relies on written records for dating.

CRITICISM OF THE RELIABILITY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATING OF CULTURAL ARTIFACTS

Cultural evolutionary approaches in archaeology have advanced to analyze artifact variation over time and space, providing valuable insights into past societies.

Cultural evolutionary approaches to artifact variation over time and space: basis, progress, and prospects

This study presents a new method for extracting collagen from bones for radiocarbon dating, reducing errors and improving accuracy in archaeological dating studies.

New Method of Collagen Extraction for Radiocarbon Dating

Stone artifacts can reveal past behaviors and adaptations when focusing on the practice of stone use, rather than just their appearance.

Aggregates, Formational Emergence, and the Focus on Practice in Stone Artifact Archaeology

Archaeological chemistry research advances with new techniques and tools, but still faces challenges in selecting significant findings and revealing new insights about early man.

Science and archaeology

Copying errors in cultural transmission can cause variation in prehistoric artifact assemblages, providing useful null models for explaining variation in prehistoric artifacts.

Cultural transmission, copying errors, and the generation of variation in material culture and the archaeological record

Machine learning methods can accurately cluster archaeological artifacts, especially when using XRF analysis to determine their composition.

The Application of Clustering Techniques to Group Archaeological Artifacts

Chemical and isotopic analysis of ancient metals is essential for reconstructing ancient technological processes and understanding their composition.

Chemical and Isotopic Studies of Ancient Metals

Chemical analysis in archaeology contributes to our understanding of the past by examining materials, determining ancient diet, and determining long-distance contact or trade.

Archaeological Chemical Analysis

What are the applications of archaeological science in artifact analysis and dating?

These studies suggest that archaeological science applications in artifact analysis and dating include Bayesian approaches for radiocarbon dating, physics-based techniques for locating and identifying artifacts, software and digital tools for 3D analysis, archaeological chemistry for various analytical questions, and machine learning for chronological predictions.