What are the symptoms of prostate cancer
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Summary
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These studies suggest that symptoms of prostate cancer can include difficulty urinating, blood in urine or semen, pain with ejaculation, urinary incontinence, bowel-related symptoms, sexual dysfunction, hormonal symptoms, pain, fatigue, and psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety.
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Symptoms of Prostate Cancer
Early Symptoms of Prostate Cancer
Asymptomatic Nature in Early Stages
Early prostate cancer often does not cause noticeable symptoms. Many men are diagnosed through health screenings such as blood tests for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or digital rectal exams (DRE) rather than due to symptoms.
Common Early Symptoms
When symptoms do appear, they can include difficulty starting or stopping the flow of urine, a feeling of not being able to empty the bladder completely, blood in the urine or semen, and pain with ejaculation. These symptoms can also be associated with other genitourinary conditions, making it challenging to diagnose based solely on symptoms.
Advanced Symptoms of Prostate Cancer
Urinary Symptoms
As the tumor grows, it can cause more pronounced urinary symptoms. These include urinary incontinence, urinary obstruction, and irritation. Men may experience urgency, nocturia (frequent urination at night), frequency, and hesitancy.
Sexual Dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction is another significant symptom, including erectile dysfunction and impotence. These symptoms can be distressing and are often mistakenly attributed to normal aging .
Pain and Discomfort
Pain is a common symptom in advanced prostate cancer. This can manifest as unexplained bone pain, particularly in the back, due to vertebral metastases . Pain can also occur during ejaculation.
Other Physical Symptoms
In rare cases, prostate cancer can cause acute urinary retention, bilateral hydronephrosis, or spinal cord compression due to epidural extension. Some patients may also present with supraclavicular lymphadenopathy or abnormalities in hepatic function.
Psychological Symptoms
Mental Well-being
Prostate cancer can significantly impact mental well-being, leading to symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and stress. These psychological symptoms can be exacerbated by the physical symptoms and the stress of diagnosis and treatment decisions .
Fatigue
Fatigue is another common symptom, affecting both physical and mental well-being. It can be a result of the cancer itself or the treatments used to manage it.
Conclusion
Prostate cancer symptoms can vary widely, from being asymptomatic in the early stages to causing significant urinary, sexual, and psychological distress as the disease progresses. Understanding these symptoms can aid in early detection and improve the quality of life for those affected. Regular screenings and consultations with healthcare providers are crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.
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