What causes tension headaches everyday
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Causes of Daily Tension Headaches
Introduction to Tension-Type Headaches (TTH)
Tension-type headaches (TTH) are the most prevalent neurological disorder globally, characterized by recurrent headaches of mild to moderate intensity, bilateral location, and a pressing or tightening quality without aggravation by routine physical activity. These headaches can be episodic or chronic, with chronic tension-type headaches (CTTH) occurring more frequently and causing significant disability .
Role of Stress in Tension-Type Headaches
Central Pain Processes and Stress
Stress is a well-documented contributing factor to tension-type headaches. Research indicates that stress affects central pain processes, which are believed to be dysfunctional in individuals with TTH. Both mental/cognitive stress and daily stress have been shown to increase pain perception and contribute to the development and intensity of headaches in TTH patients.
Daily Stress and Pain Sensitivity
Daily stress, including minor daily hassles, has been linked to increased muscle tenderness and reduced pain thresholds in chronic TTH sufferers. This heightened pain sensitivity is thought to exacerbate headache activity. The relationship between daily stress and TTH suggests that stress management could be crucial in mitigating headache severity and frequency.
Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Peripheral and Central Mechanisms
The pathophysiology of TTH involves both peripheral and central mechanisms. Peripheral mechanisms, such as muscle tenderness and increased EMG activity, are associated with the genesis of pain in TTH. Central sensitization, which involves heightened sensitivity of the central nervous system to pain stimuli, may play a role in the transformation from episodic to chronic TTH .
Myofascial Nociception
Prolonged nociceptive stimuli from myofascial tissues, such as sustained muscle tension, may contribute to the conversion of episodic TTH into chronic TTH. This suggests that peripheral factors like muscle tenderness are significant in the pathogenesis of TTH.
Impact of Stress on Adolescents
Adolescents with chronic TTH report high levels of stress, which is associated with increased headache frequency and severity. Stressful experiences, particularly those related to daily life and school, are significant contributors to headache episodes in this age group. Effective coping strategies, including maintaining a structured daily routine and engaging in low-intensity physical activities, can help manage headache symptoms.
Conclusion
Daily tension headaches are primarily influenced by stress, which affects both central and peripheral pain mechanisms. Managing stress through lifestyle changes and coping strategies can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of tension-type headaches. Understanding the multifactorial nature of TTH, including the roles of stress and muscle tenderness, is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
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