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Some studies suggest habitat fragmentation negatively impacts pollination, plant reproduction, resource consumption, biodiversity, population size, progeny quality, herbivore abundance, and species richness, while other studies indicate it may not always lead to genetic loss and can sometimes increase gene flow.
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Habitat fragmentation, the process by which large, continuous habitats are divided into smaller, isolated patches, is a significant driver of biodiversity loss and ecological disruption. This phenomenon affects various aspects of terrestrial species' lives, including reproduction, resource consumption, genetic diversity, and species richness.
Negative Impact on Plant Reproduction and Pollination
Reduction in Resource Consumption in Arthropods
Species Richness and Habitat Amount
Impact on Birds and Mammals
Genetic Erosion in Plants
Herbivore Diversity and Herbivory
Disruption of Biological Control
Species-Specific Connectivity Effects
Habitat fragmentation has pervasive and largely negative effects on terrestrial species. It disrupts plant reproduction and pollination, reduces resource consumption in arthropods, and leads to genetic erosion in plants. Species richness is more dependent on the total habitat amount rather than its configuration, but fragmentation still poses a significant threat, especially in low-habitat areas. Birds and mammals experience population declines due to reduced habitat size and increased isolation, while insect herbivores face reduced diversity. Fragmentation also disrupts biological control mechanisms, leading to increased herbivore populations. The effects on genetic connectivity are species-specific, with less mobile species being more affected. Overall, habitat fragmentation significantly threatens biodiversity and ecosystem function.
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