What happens when you fall in a black hole
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
What Happens When You Fall Into a Black Hole
The Nature of Black Holes: Extreme Gravitational Pull
Black holes are regions in space where the gravitational pull is so intense that nothing, not even light, can escape from them. This extreme gravitational force is what makes black holes appear "black" since they emit no light that can be detected. The concept of black holes presents one of the most intriguing mysteries in the universe, as the laws of physics as we know them break down at their centers.
Ill-Defined Position Inside the Horizon
When an object falls into a black hole, its position becomes increasingly ill-defined. According to string theory, the wave function of a particle spreads over numerous "loops" in the field theory dual of a black hole. For an infalling particle, there is one definition of "same position" on each loop, but this definition changes for outgoing particles, making the concept of position ambiguous inside the event horizon.
Radiation Emission: Acceleration and Hawking Radiation
As atoms fall into a black hole, they emit radiation that resembles, but is distinct from, Hawking radiation. This phenomenon, known as horizon brightened acceleration radiation (HBAR), provides insights into the Einstein principle of equivalence between acceleration and gravity. The entropy associated with this radiation is different from the traditional black hole entropy described by Bekenstein and Hawking.
Mass Inflation and Relativistic Instabilities
Inside a black hole, particularly a supermassive one, you are likely to encounter a phenomenon known as mass inflation before reaching the central singularity. This process involves a relativistic counter-streaming instability at the inner horizon, where ingoing and outgoing streams of particles accelerate to extremely high energies. This acceleration is driven by the gravity produced by the streaming energy itself, leading to an exponential growth in energy.
Electromagnetic and Gravitational Radiation
When charged particles fall into a black hole, they emit significant amounts of electromagnetic radiation. For instance, a system of electrons falling into a neutral Schwarzschild black hole emits ten times more electromagnetic radiation than gravitational radiation. This emission mechanism is different for particles with larger mass-to-charge ratios and varies based on whether the particles are falling linearly or in a spiraling orbit.
Conclusion
Falling into a black hole involves complex and extreme physical processes. The position of particles becomes ill-defined, unique radiation phenomena occur, and relativistic instabilities can lead to mass inflation. These insights not only deepen our understanding of black holes but also challenge our grasp of fundamental physics.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic