Long-term effects of psychosocial stressors on health are influenced by factors such as nature, number, persistence, individual vulnerability, resources, and coping patterns.

Stress and health: psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants.

Exaggerated and blunted stress reactivity in the SAM system and HPA axis predict distinct physical and mental health outcomes over time in seemingly healthy adults.

Psychological stress reactivity and future health and disease outcomes: A systematic review of prospective evidence

Stressors significantly impact physical and mental health, leading to inequalities, and coping and support interventions can help individuals cope and address health inequalities.

Stress and Health: Major Findings and Policy Implications

Chronic stress increases the risk of coronary heart disease, and stress management is crucial for preventing and managing cardiovascular disease.

Stress and cardiovascular disease

Mind-body medicine research, along with healthy nutrition and lifestyle choices, can significantly impact health maintenance and disease prevention, prolonging human life span.

Mind‐Body Medicine: Stress and Its Impact on Overall Health and Longevity

Chronic stress promotes cancer development by activating the neuroendocrine system and affecting immune function and inflammatory response.

Chronic Stress Promotes Cancer Development

Work-related stress in late midlife is associated with higher odds of serious health problems in old age, with high job demands affecting men's health and low job control affecting women's health.

Associations between work-related stress in late midlife, educational attainment, and serious health problems in old age: a longitudinal study with over 20 years of follow-up

Perinatal corticosteroid exposure can lead to reduced CD8+ T cell function and impaired anti-cancer and anti-bacterial immune responses in adulthood.

Stressful Beginnings with Long-Term Consequences

Stress negatively impacts health through multiple biological systems, including hormone regulation, autonomic nervous system, and gene expression, and increases the risk of infectious diseases.

Stress and Health: A Review of Psychobiological Processes.

Moderate/high perceived stress at the time of an acute myocardial infarction is associated with adverse long-term outcomes, even after accounting for important confounding factors.

Perceived stress in myocardial infarction: long-term mortality and health status outcomes.

Psychological stress accelerates cellular aging, leading to higher oxidative stress, lower telomerase activity, and shorter telomere length in premenopausal women.

From the Cover : Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress

Greater increases in negative affect in response to daily stress may have long-term consequences for longevity, particularly in individuals with chronic illness.

Affective Reactivity to Daily Stress and 20-Year Mortality Risk in Adults With Chronic Illness: Findings From the National Study of Daily Experiences

The Three Mile Island nuclear accident and widespread unemployment both had similar long-term mental health effects on women, with husbands' mental health status mediating these effects.

A comparative analysis of two community stressors' long-term mental health effects

Early childhood adversity and toxic stress can impact long-term health and learning, highlighting the need for pediatricians to promote healthy development and reduce health disparities.

The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress

Work stressors, such as job strain and long working hours, are associated with a moderately elevated risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, with potential links to type 2 diabetes.

Work Stress as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease

Chronic psychological stress, influenced by life stressors like natural disasters, relationship conflicts, and illness, may negatively impact women's quality of life and health status.

A longitudinal study of the impact of chronic psychological stress on health-related quality of life and clinical biomarkers: protocol for the Australian Healthy Aging of Women Study

Greater affective reactivity to daily stressors is associated with an increased risk of reporting a chronic physical health condition in the long term.

Affective Reactivity to Daily Stressors and Long-Term Risk of Reporting a Chronic Physical Health Condition

Life stress contributes to the development, maintenance, or exacerbation of various mental and physical health conditions, and may accelerate biological aging and premature mortality.

Life Stress and Health

Perceived inequality is a robust predictor of increased allostatic load, potentially contributing to long-term physical health problems.

Long-term physical health consequences of perceived inequality: Results from a twin comparison design.

Negative emotions, such as stress, can lead to physiological changes in the immune system, impacting overall health.

Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health

What are the implications of long-term stress on health?

These studies suggest that long-term stress negatively impacts health by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infectious diseases, and affecting mental health, immune function, and overall longevity.