Internationalization in higher education is often defined as more global coverage, but current definitions lack political and historical context, and often overlook the ethics of international engagement.

What Counts as Internationalization? Deconstructing the Internationalization Imperative

Internationalization of higher education aims to gain commercial advantage, knowledge, and language acquisition, while enhancing curriculum with international content.

The Internationalization of Higher Education: Motivations and Realities

This study clarifies the concept of internationalization in higher education, identifies 14 elements, and reveals that research universities and applied sciences pursue internationalization differently, with sectoral differences being crucial for effective practice-based models.

Internationalization

Internationalization can be seen as an entrepreneurial process, either as a by-product of a firm's efforts to improve its position within its network or as the result of entrepreneurial action.

Internationalization as an entrepreneurial process

This study clarifies the concept of internationalization in higher education, identifies 14 elements, and reveals that research universities and universities of applied sciences pursue internationalization differently, with sectoral differences being crucial for effective practice-based models.

Internationalization in higher education serves multiple functions and meanings, with international coordinators navigating this multidimensional concept to meet needs and expectations at various institutional levels.

What We Talk About When We Talk About Internationalization

The internationalization of universities can be categorized into three models: internationalist, translocalist, and globalist, with each reflecting different realities and opportunities.

The internationalization of universities

Internationalization in higher education should be a core mission and encompass a wide range of activities, not just a collection of numbers.

Internationalizing education

Firms internationalize through the gradual acquisition, integration, and use of knowledge about foreign markets and operations, while increasing commitments to foreign markets.

The Internationalization Process of the Firm—A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments

The Journal of Studies in International Education (JSIE) has shown four major developmental waves in internationalization research, revealing shifts in focus from institutional to transnational contexts.

Two Decades of Research Into the Internationalization of Higher Education: Major Themes in the Journal of Studies in International Education (1997-2016)

Firms exhibit cycles of de-internationalization and re-internationalization due to various antecedents and motivators, and this study proposes an integrative framework for understanding these cycles and advancing internationalization theory.

Cycles of de-internationalization and re-internationalization: Towards an integrative framework

Internationalization of higher education benefits students' international awareness and skilled labor pipelines in knowledge-intensive economies, while revenue generation is more important in Anglophone contexts outside North America.

The Internationalization of Higher Education: National Interpretations of a Global Model

Internationalizing firms need three categories of internationalization knowledge to gain market entry, localize strategies, and organize international enterprise procedures.

Internationalization Knowledge: What, Why, Where, and When?

Internationalization in composition studies should be reoriented to include diverse writing research and programming traditions from around the world, rather than focusing solely on the U.S. experience.

“Internationalization” and Composition Studies: Reorienting the Discourse

Internationalization in higher education is inevitable, and universities must reconsider their international programs and strategies to adapt to the changing global economy and pressures.

Internationalization and Exchanges in a Globalized University

The internationalization-performance relationship is positive, but its overall effect is small and varies greatly across firms' home countries.

Home Country Institutions and the Internationalization-Performance Relationship

Diverse top management teams and multiple generation involvement in decision-making positively influence entrepreneurial internationalization in family SMEs.

Internationalization and entrepreneurial orientation of family SMEs: The influence of the family character

Internationalizing "international communication" requires a spirit of cosmopolitanism, fostering global visions and mutual understanding, rather than relying on America-writ-large views and self-defeating mirror images.

Internationalizing 'International Communication'

Brazilian students need extra-curricular English courses to improve speaking skills and achieve B1 proficiency level to participate in international mobility programs.

Internationalization and english language in a public institution

Diverse socialization backgrounds in university students lead to increased critical awareness of the social impact of internationalization, and enhance their preparedness for and awareness of internationalization in higher education institutions.

Socialization Towards Internationalization

These studies suggest internationalization involves expanding global engagement, enhancing curriculum, and pursuing commercial and knowledge advantages, with varied approaches in higher education and business contexts.