What is hydrochlorothiazide used for
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Uses of Hydrochlorothiazide: A Comprehensive Overview
Treatment of Hypertension
Hydrochlorothiazide for High Blood Pressure Management
Hydrochlorothiazide is primarily used as a thiazide diuretic to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). It works by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the kidneys, which leads to increased urinary excretion of these ions and subsequently reduces blood pressure . This mechanism makes it a preferred pharmacologic treatment for managing hypertension.
Management of Edema
Hydrochlorothiazide for Fluid Overload Conditions
Hydrochlorothiazide is also effective in treating edema associated with various conditions such as congestive heart failure (CHF), cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, and nephrotic syndrome. By promoting diuresis, it helps reduce fluid accumulation and swelling in these conditions .
Prevention of Kidney Stones
Hydrochlorothiazide in Nephrolithiasis
Thiazide diuretics, including hydrochlorothiazide, are used to prevent the recurrence of calcium-containing kidney stones. Although the efficacy compared to placebo is still under investigation, hydrochlorothiazide is commonly prescribed for this purpose. However, the incidence of recurrence did not show significant differences among various dosages of hydrochlorothiazide compared to placebo in recent studies.
Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women
Hydrochlorothiazide and Bone Mineral Density
Hydrochlorothiazide has been shown to reduce urine calcium excretion, which may help in reducing postmenopausal bone loss. Studies indicate that it can slow cortical bone loss in normal postmenopausal women, suggesting a potential role in the prevention of osteoporosis, although it is not recommended as a monotherapy for this condition.
Pediatric Hypertension
Hydrochlorothiazide in Pediatric Use
Hydrochlorothiazide is also used in pediatric patients for managing hypertension. Due to the lack of commercial pediatric formulations, pharmacies often prepare extemporaneous suspensions. Recent developments have focused on creating stable oral pediatric solutions to ensure proper dosing and stability .
Potential Risks and Side Effects
Hydrochlorothiazide and Skin Cancer Risk
There is a growing concern about the association between hydrochlorothiazide use and an increased risk of skin cancer. This is particularly relevant for patients with a history of cutaneous carcinoma, as hydrochlorothiazide is known to have phototoxic effects that may contribute to skin cancer development .
Conclusion
Hydrochlorothiazide is a versatile medication widely used for treating hypertension, managing edema, preventing kidney stone recurrence, and potentially aiding in bone health for postmenopausal women. However, its use comes with certain risks, including an increased likelihood of skin cancer, which necessitates careful consideration and monitoring by healthcare providers.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic