What is paris climate treaty
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Understanding the Paris Climate Treaty
Introduction to the Paris Climate Treaty
The Paris Climate Treaty, also known as the Paris Agreement, was adopted on December 12, 2015, during the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP-21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Paris, France. This landmark agreement represents a significant step in international climate policy, aiming to unite countries worldwide in the fight against climate change .
Key Objectives and Framework
Temperature Goals
The primary objective of the Paris Agreement is to limit the global average temperature increase to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C . This ambitious goal is designed to mitigate the most severe impacts of climate change.
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
A unique feature of the Paris Agreement is the concept of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Each country sets its own targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions based on its national circumstances. These targets are not legally binding but are subject to international review and transparency measures . This approach allows for flexibility and encourages countries to increase their ambition over time through a "ratchet mechanism" .
Mechanisms for Accountability and Review
Transparency and Review Process
The Paris Agreement includes a robust framework for transparency and accountability. Countries are required to report their progress regularly, and these reports are subject to international review. This process aims to create political pressure and encourage countries to meet and exceed their commitments .
Financial Support
Developed countries have committed to mobilizing $100 billion per year by 2020 to support climate action in developing countries. This financial support is intended to help these countries invest in clean energy and adapt to the impacts of climate change.
Challenges and Criticisms
Lack of Enforcement Mechanisms
One of the main criticisms of the Paris Agreement is the absence of binding enforcement mechanisms. While the agreement relies on voluntary commitments and international peer pressure, there are no legal consequences for countries that fail to meet their targets . This has led to concerns about the effectiveness of the agreement in achieving its long-term goals.
Ambition and Implementation
Despite the ambitious goals of the Paris Agreement, current NDCs are insufficient to limit global warming to the desired levels. Studies indicate that the current commitments would result in a median warming of 2.6-3.1°C by 2100, highlighting the need for more substantial and immediate action. The success of the agreement will depend on the willingness of countries to enhance their commitments and implement effective policies .
Conclusion
The Paris Climate Treaty represents a significant milestone in international climate policy, offering a flexible and inclusive framework for global cooperation. While it has been praised for its innovative approach and potential to drive climate action, its success will ultimately depend on the commitment and actions of individual countries. The agreement provides a foundation for future efforts, but achieving its goals will require continuous enhancement of national commitments and effective implementation of climate policies worldwide.
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