What is the cause of a heart attack
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Consensus Meter
Causes of a Heart Attack
Introduction to Heart Attack Causes
A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction (MI), occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. This blockage is typically due to a build-up of fat, cholesterol, and other substances, which form a plaque in the coronary arteries . Understanding the underlying causes of heart attacks is crucial for prevention and treatment.
Atherosclerosis and Plaque Build-Up
The primary cause of heart attacks is atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries. These deposits, known as plaques, narrow the arteries and reduce their flexibility, making it easier for blood clots to form and block the blood flow to the heart . When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot that completely obstructs the artery, leading to a heart attack .
Role of Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism
Inflammation and lipid metabolism play significant roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Factors such as hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels), hypertension (high blood pressure), and smoking contribute to the inflammatory processes in the artery walls, leading to the formation of fatty-fibrous lesions . These lesions can rupture due to physical trauma or ongoing inflammation, resulting in clinical events like heart attacks.
Blood Clots and Coronary Artery Blockage
Blood clots are a direct cause of heart attacks. When a plaque in the coronary artery ruptures, it attracts platelets and other cells, forming a clot that can block the artery. This blockage prevents oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle, causing damage or death to the affected tissue . The rapid deprivation of oxygen can lead to heart muscle arrest within minutes, making immediate medical intervention critical.
High Blood Pressure and Stress
High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for heart attacks. It can cause damage to the arteries over time, making them more susceptible to atherosclerosis and plaque rupture . Additionally, stress is often cited as a contributing factor to heart attacks. While the exact mechanisms are complex and not fully understood, stress is believed to increase blood pressure and inflammation, thereby exacerbating the risk of heart attacks .
Conclusion
Heart attacks are primarily caused by the blockage of blood flow to the heart due to atherosclerosis and the formation of blood clots. Inflammation, lipid metabolism, high blood pressure, and stress are significant contributors to this process. Understanding these causes is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. Immediate medical attention is crucial in the event of a heart attack to minimize damage to the heart muscle.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic