What is the closest planet to the sun
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Closest Planet to the Sun: Mercury
Introduction to the Inner Planets
The inner planets of our solar system, also known as the terrestrial planets, include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. These planets are characterized by their rocky surfaces and are located relatively close to the Sun . Among these, Mercury holds the distinction of being the closest planet to the Sun.
Mercury: The Nearest Planet to the Sun
Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the solar system, orbiting the Sun at an average distance of approximately 0.39 astronomical units (AU) . This proximity to the Sun means that Mercury experiences extreme temperatures and has a very short orbital period compared to other planets.
Characteristics of Mercury
Mercury's close orbit around the Sun results in a unique set of characteristics:
- Extreme Temperatures: Due to its proximity to the Sun, Mercury's surface temperatures can reach up to 430°C (800°F) during the day and drop to -180°C (-290°F) at night.
- Short Orbital Period: Mercury completes an orbit around the Sun in just 88 Earth days, making its year the shortest of all the planets in the solar system.
- Surface and Composition: Mercury has a rocky surface with numerous craters, similar to the Moon, and is composed primarily of iron and nickel.
Conclusion
In summary, Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, orbiting at an average distance of 0.39 AU. Its proximity to the Sun results in extreme temperature variations and a short orbital period. Understanding Mercury and its characteristics provides valuable insights into the nature of the inner planets in our solar system.
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