What is the definition of a mineral
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Definition of a Mineral
Naturally Occurring and Inorganic
A mineral is defined as a naturally occurring, inorganic substance. This means that minerals are not man-made and are not the result of biological processes involving plants or animals . They are found in nature and are typically formed through geological processes.
Crystalline Structure
One of the key characteristics of a mineral is its crystalline structure. This means that the atoms, ions, or molecules in a mineral are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern, which is reflected in the mineral's external morphology when it has a well-formed crystalline shape . This ordered internal structure is a fundamental aspect of what makes a substance a mineral.
Definite Chemical Composition
Minerals have a definite chemical composition, which can either be fixed or can vary within certain limits. This composition is often expressed by a chemical formula, such as NaCl for halite or SiO2 for quartz . While some variation in the chemical composition is accepted, significant changes can lead to the classification of a new mineral.
Physical Properties
Minerals are also characterized by specific physical properties, such as hardness, color, luster, and density. These properties are determined by the mineral's chemical composition and crystalline structure. For example, the mineral diamond is known for its exceptional hardness, while quartz is recognized for its glassy luster.
Homogeneous Solids
Minerals are homogeneous solids, meaning they are uniform in composition and structure throughout. This homogeneity is a key factor that distinguishes minerals from other naturally occurring substances like rocks, which are typically composed of multiple minerals .
Mineral Species and Universals
A mineral species is defined by a set of intrinsic properties that are common to all samples of that mineral. These properties include the mineral's name, end-member formula, space group, and bond topology. These universals are essential for the formal classification and identification of minerals.
Examples and Applications
There are over 3,500 recognized minerals, but only a few dozen are common. These minerals are composed of 92 elements, with silicon and oxygen being the most abundant. Minerals play a crucial role in various industries, including metallurgy, gemology, and construction, due to their unique properties and compositions.
Conclusion
In summary, a mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline substance with a definite chemical composition and specific physical properties. These characteristics make minerals essential components of the Earth's crust and valuable resources for various industrial applications. Understanding the definition and properties of minerals is fundamental to the field of mineralogy and its related disciplines.
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