What is the temperature of the planet jupiter
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Temperature of Jupiter: An Overview
Tropospheric Temperature of Jupiter
The temperature of Jupiter's troposphere, particularly at the 1 bar pressure level, has been a subject of extensive study. The Voyager radio occultation measurements, after reanalysis, indicate that the temperature at the 1 bar level is approximately 170.3 ± 3.8 K at 12°S and 167.3 ± 3.8 K at 0°N1. These values are slightly higher than the temperature measured by the Galileo probe, which recorded 166.1 ± 0.8 K at 6.57°N1. This suggests that Jupiter's tropospheric temperatures can vary spatially by up to 7 K between 7°N and 12°S1.
Temperature Profiles from Pioneer 10 Data
The Pioneer 10 infrared radiometer data provides additional insights into Jupiter's temperature structure. For low latitude regions, the temperature near the 0.1 bar pressure level ranges from 108 to 117 K, depending on the assumed thermal structure2. At the 1 bar level, the temperature in the South Equatorial Belt (SEB) is around 170 K, while in the South Tropical Zone (STrZ), it is approximately 155 K if pure gaseous absorption is assumed2. The effective temperatures of the SEB and STrZ are 127.6 K and 124.2 K, respectively2.
Effective Temperature and Brightness
Measurements of Jupiter's brightness temperatures in the far-infrared and submillimeter range indicate an effective temperature of 126.8 ± 4.5 K6. This data, supplemented by shorter wavelength Voyager data, helps in understanding the bolometric output and atmospheric structure of Jupiter6.
Temperature Variations in Hot Jupiters
While the focus here is on Jupiter, it's interesting to note the temperature variations in extremely irradiated hot Jupiters. These exoplanets can reach dayside temperatures exceeding 2000 K, with some even surpassing 2500 K3. The intrinsic temperature (Tint) of hot Jupiters can be as high as 700 K, significantly higher than Jupiter's Tint of around 100 K4. These high temperatures result in unique atmospheric properties, including strong thermal inversions and significant thermal dissociation of molecules3 4.
Conclusion
Jupiter's temperature varies significantly across different regions and pressure levels. The tropospheric temperature at the 1 bar level ranges from approximately 155 K to 170 K, with spatial variations up to 7 K. Effective temperature measurements provide a broader understanding of Jupiter's atmospheric structure. Comparatively, hot Jupiters exhibit much higher temperatures, leading to distinct atmospheric characteristics. Understanding these temperature profiles is crucial for modeling Jupiter's atmosphere and interpreting observational data.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
Jupiter's Temperature Structure: A Reassessment of the Voyager Radio Occultation Measurements
Jupiter's tropospheric temperatures may vary by up to 7 K between 7°N and 12°S, with the corrected temperature at 1 bar being up to 4 K greater than previously published values.
The thermal structure of Jupiter I. Implications of Pioneer 10 infrared radiometer data
Pioneer 10 infrared radiometer data suggests that Jupiter's South Equatorial Belt has a temperature of 170 K at 1.0 bar pressure, with the South Tropical Zone temperature closer to 155 K, depending on the assumed thermal structure.
Extremely Irradiated Hot Jupiters: Non-oxide Inversions, H− Opacity, and Thermal Dissociation of Molecules
Extremely irradiated hot Jupiters exhibit strong thermal inversions without the need for TiO or VO, and molecular species like H2O, TiO, and VO are thermally dissociated at pressures probed by transit and eclipse observations.
Highly CitedThe Intrinsic Temperature and Radiative–Convective Boundary Depth in the Atmospheres of Hot Jupiters
Hot Jupiters have higher intrinsic temperatures, up to 700 K, and a shallower radiative-convective boundary, impacting atmospheric structure, circulation, and cloud formation.
Highly CitedThe Influence of Host Star Spectral Type on Ultra-hot Jupiter Atmospheres
Ultra-hot Jupiters exhibit temperature inversions sensitive to the host star spectral type, leading to increased thermal dissociation and ionization, and a muted absorption spectrum in the transit spectrum.
Far-infrared and submillimeter brightness temperatures of the giant planets
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have effective temperatures of 126.8 4.5, 93.4 3.3, 58.3 2.0, and 60.3 2.0°K, respectively, with a strong peak at 350 m and a deep valley at
Clouds in Three-dimensional Models of Hot Jupiters over a Wide Range of Temperatures. I. Thermal Structures and Broadband Phase-curve Predictions
Clouds significantly modify the radiative transport and affect the observable properties of hot Jupiters, with their effects varying depending on the cloud's vertical extent.
Thermal Structure of Jupiter's Upper Atmosphere Derived from the Galileo Probe
The Galileo Probe data suggests wavelike oscillations are the probable source of upper atmosphere heating in Jupiter, with temperatures increasing from 109 kelvin at the 175-millibar level to 900 40 kelvin at 1 nanobar.
Highly Cited