Stars twinkle due to the varying distances between them and the Earth, and they do not twinkle on Mars.

Why do stars twinkle, and do they twinkle on Mars?

The twinkling of stars can be imitated in a dark-room by viewing a small light from the periphery of the retina, with the light appearing to twinkle like a star.

The Twinkling of Stars

Current telescopes with fast-readout, wide-field detectors can potentially discover the first interstellar optical scintillation effects, with desynchronized light curves being crucial for distinguishing between variations.

Simulation of optical interstellar scintillation

Star twinkling is a result of Earth's atmosphere turbulence, and measurements can reveal insights into the structure of this turbulence.

The twinkling of stars

Optical scintillation in extra-galactic stars may be caused by molecular hydrogen clouds, potentially revealing hidden matter variations in Galactic molecular clouds.

Does transparent hidden matter generate optical scintillation

Interstellar Scintillation with the ESO-NTT shows promising results for detecting turbulent gas in Galactic disks and haloes.

Search for Turbulent Gas through Interstellar Scintillation

This paper presents a method for demonstrating the twinkling of stars during the daytime by detecting audio frequency fluctuations in direct sunlight and presenting the result via headphones or a loudspeaker.

Our twinkling sun

Interstellar scintillation, a phenomenon caused by distant stars' light crossing a refractive medium, shows promise for detecting hidden turbulent gas in the Galactic-disk or halo.

Search for hidden turbulent gas through interstellar scintillation

Oresme's De Visione Stellarum explains that stars twinkle due to atmospheric fluctuations, echoing Plato's Timaeus and Bacon's Witelo and Bacon.

Part II. Nicole Oresme’S De Visione Stellarum Latin Critical Edition With English Translation

Star – Using both pointer fingers, point them upwards, at eye level, and slide them against each other, like a shooting star.

Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star

The twinkling of stars is not due to the effect of two lights, but rather to the refraction of light by the atmosphere, as observed by G. F. Burder in NATURE.

The Twinkling of the Stars

Atmospheric turbulence can cause starlight to twinkle, but forecasting it could improve telescope design, scheduling, and telescope locations.

Twinkle, Twinkle, Star No More

Radio scintillation of gamma-ray-burst afterglows may allow indirect measurements of stars' angular sizes, with refractive scintillation being of order ten percent at ten gigahertz and diffractive scintillation marginally possible.

Radio scintillation of gamma-ray-burst afterglows

This observation reveals that stars outside the Earth's atmosphere show no obvious time variations in their visible light intensity, indicating that they do not twinkle.

Stars that do not twinkle outside the Earth's Atmosphere

The pulsar, a dwarf star, was discovered in 1922 by astronomers at the University of California, Berkeley, and was the first known object to twinkle more than any other star.

The Pulsar Era

Star formation involves gravitational collapse in molecular clouds, with most stars forming in binary systems, and the most massive stars may form through violent interactions and mergers.

The physics of star formation

The Twinkle Space Mission will provide high-quality infrared spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres, enabling accurate orbital parameters and planetary type identification for hundreds of bright targets.

Twinkle: a low-Earth orbit, visible and infrared observatory for exoplanet and solar system spectroscopy

Twinkle will enable the chemical composition and weather observations of at least 100 exoplanets in the Milky Way, enabling new discoveries and enhancing existing surveys.

TWINKLE: a low earth orbit visible and infrared exoplanet spectroscopy observatory

The infrared spectrometer for Twinkle aims to observe exoplanet atmospheres in the visible to near infrared, with a focus on spectral and radiometric stability.

The infrared spectrometer for Twinkle

These studies suggest that stars twinkle due to atmospheric turbulence on Earth.