What planet is farther from the sun
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Which Planet is Farthest from the Sun?
Understanding Planetary Distances from the Sun
The solar system is composed of various planets, each orbiting the Sun at different distances. The concept of distance from the Sun is crucial in understanding the structure and dynamics of our solar system.
The Outer Planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
The planets farthest from the Sun are known as the outer planets, which include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These planets are often referred to as the gas giants due to their massive sizes and gaseous compositions2.
Pluto and the Oort Cloud
Beyond Neptune lies Pluto, which was once considered the ninth planet of our solar system. Pluto orbits the Sun at a distance of approximately 6 billion kilometers (6x10^9 km)8. However, even farther than Pluto is the Oort Cloud, a spherical shell of icy objects that extends up to 2x10^13 km from the Sun8.
The Farthest Recognized Planet: Neptune
Among the officially recognized planets, Neptune holds the title of being the farthest from the Sun. It orbits at an average distance of about 30 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun, where 1 AU is the mean distance between Earth and the Sun9.
The Hypothetical Planet Nine
Recent studies have suggested the potential existence of a distant, massive planet, often referred to as "Planet Nine." This hypothetical planet is believed to have a semimajor axis exceeding 300 AU, which would place it far beyond the orbit of Neptune6. If confirmed, Planet Nine would become the farthest known planet in our solar system.
Conclusion
In summary, Neptune is currently recognized as the farthest planet from the Sun. However, the potential discovery of Planet Nine could redefine our understanding of the solar system's boundaries. The vast distances of these outer planets and hypothetical objects highlight the immense scale of our solar system.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Inner Workings: Was Jupiter born beyond the current orbits of Neptune and Pluto?
Jupiter may have been born 10 times farther from the Sun than it is now, potentially impacting our understanding of other giant worlds in our solar system and beyond.
Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1
Seven Earth-like planets orbit TRAPPIST-1, with temperatures low enough for liquid water on their surfaces, suggesting they formed further from the star and migrated inwards.
Very Rigorous Journal
Highly CitedThe fates of Solar system analogues with one additional distant planet
A distant extra planet with a mass of Jupiter and a semimajor axis exceeding 300 au or a super-Earth and a semimajor axis exceeding 3000 au is likely to incite future instability in systems with Sun-like stars and giant planets.
Astronomy: Earth-like planet around Sun's neighbour
Proxima b, a small planet with a minimum mass of 1.3 Earth masses, orbits Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to our Sun, at a distance where liquid water and potentially life could exist on its surface.
Rigorous JournalThe Oort cloud
The Oort cloud, containing 1012-1013 cometary nuclei, is the source of long-period comets and possibly comet showers.
Highly CitedOne or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations
Stars are orbited by planets as a rule, with a significant fraction of stars having Jupiter-mass, cool Neptunes, and super-Earths.
Highly CitedA Sedna-like body with a perihelion of 80 astronomical units
2012 VP113 confirms that Sedna and 2012 VP113 are not isolated objects, and may be members of the inner Oort cloud, which could outnumber other dynamically stable populations in the Solar System.
Highly Cited