What is the role of technology in enhancing disaster risk reduction and emergency response?
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The Role of Technology in Enhancing Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Response
Information Technology in Disaster Management
Information technology (IT) plays a crucial role in disaster management by enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of various stages, including disaster response, recovery, preparedness, and risk reduction. IT systems are essential for recording, exchanging, and processing information, which improves overall system performance when combined effectively1. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and satellite communications are particularly valuable for identifying risk areas, monitoring changes in real-time, and guiding mitigation measures9 10.
Mobile Phone Technologies for Disaster Risk Reduction
The rapid advancement of mobile phone technologies offers significant potential for disaster risk reduction (DRR). These technologies can enhance inclusivity and local relevance in knowledge production and resilience building. However, many mobile applications are developed without considering user needs and often do not progress beyond the proof-of-concept stage. Best practices suggest that mobile technologies should be co-developed with local stakeholders through a user-centered design approach to maximize their societal impact2.
Emerging Technologies in Emergency Situations
Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain, are increasingly being recognized for their potential to improve disaster management processes. These technologies can enhance planning, mobilization, and management during emergencies by providing real-time data and facilitating rapid decision-making. For instance, AI and business analytics can quickly identify populations in distress, while social media combined with big data analytics can coordinate local volunteer efforts during disasters5.
Space Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction
Space technology is invaluable during both emergency and non-emergency situations. It provides critical information for disaster preparedness and supports rescue and emergency medical teams by offering immediate data on the impacted area, disaster severity, and at-risk populations. Space-based observations and emergency maps are particularly useful for planning and mobilizing resources effectively. Additionally, space technology contributes to DRR efforts through telemedicine and GPS technologies, which aid in risk mapping and early warning systems6.
Big Data in Crisis Response and Disaster Resilience
Big data has become a vital tool in enhancing crisis response and disaster resilience, especially in smart cities. Advances in computing, such as smartphones, mobile internet access, and social media, have broken down barriers to information exchange. Emergency managers can use big data to identify and assess risks, predict affected populations, and develop targeted response plans. Real-time data mining provides on-site disaster information, enabling dynamic and precise rescue operations. Big data supports all phases of disaster management, including prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery7.
Science and Technology in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 emphasizes the critical role of science and technology in reducing disaster risk. It calls for strengthening networks, platforms, and research institutions to better understand disaster risk patterns and their causes and effects. The framework aims to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risks through integrated and inclusive measures, thereby increasing preparedness and resilience4 8.
Conclusion
Technology plays a pivotal role in enhancing disaster risk reduction and emergency response. From information systems and mobile technologies to emerging technologies and space-based observations, various technological advancements contribute to more effective disaster management. By leveraging these technologies, stakeholders can improve preparedness, response, and resilience, ultimately reducing the impact of disasters on communities worldwide.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Information technologies and disaster management – Benefits and issues -
A comprehensive strategy for using information technology in disaster management stages is crucial for enhanced performance and data standards for information sharing among systems and stakeholders.
Highly CitedMobile phone technologies for disaster risk reduction
Mobile phone technologies can enhance disaster risk reduction when designed with local context, dynamics, and needs in mind, and through user-centered design approaches.
Disaster management and emerging technologies: a performance-based perspective
Emerging technologies improve disaster management performance by fostering preparedness and resilience in various phases of the disaster management cycle, with simulation and disaster risk reduction being key areas.
Systematic ReviewGlobal Community of Disaster Risk Reduction Scientists and Decision Makers Endorse a Science and Technology Partnership to Support the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
The UNISDR Science and Technology Partnership supports the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, aiming to reduce disaster risk and loss by 2030.
Highly CitedGuest editorialEmerging technologies in emergency situations
Emerging technologies, such as Industry 4.0, can enhance resilience and coordination in emergency situations, supporting localized manufacturing and enhancing planning, mobilization, and management.
(A34) Space Technology to Support Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Medical and Rescue Teams
Space technology plays a crucial role in disaster preparedness and emergency response, providing crucial information for emergency medical teams and disaster risk reduction efforts.
Using big data to enhance crisis response and disaster resilience for a smart city
Big data can enhance crisis response and disaster resilience in smart cities by identifying risks, predicting affected populations, and providing real-time feedback loops for decision-makers.
Understanding Disaster Risk: The Role of Science and Technology
Understanding disaster risk is crucial for disaster resilience, with key aspects including root causes, drivers, data, assessment, mapping, and collaboration among stakeholders.
Information Technology: Roles, Responsibilities in Disaster Management
Information technology, such as geographic information systems and remote sensing, plays a crucial role in disaster management by aiding in risk reduction and emergency preparedness.
Information Technology in Disaster Management
Advanced information technology, such as web, remote sensing, satellite communication, GIS, and remote sensing, can significantly enhance disaster management and reduce the impact of natural and man-made disasters.
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